Fleeing Iran, he arrived in Kandahar, Afghanistan in 1841 — a town that had been occupied by an Anglo-Indian army in 1839 in the First Anglo-Afghan War.

Neamatollah Nojumi writes in The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region:

* Malleson, George Bruce ( 1879 ) History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878 W. H.

As its member, Bulgaria sent a total of 485 soldiers to Iraq ( 2003 – 2008 ) as a participant in the Iraq War, and currently maintains a 608-strong force in Afghanistan as part of ISAF.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

The two airmen had been NCOICs in medical units deployed to the War in Afghanistan and received the medals in March 2012.

The war in Afghanistan, often referred to as the Soviet Union's " Vietnam War ", led to increased public dissatisfaction with the Communist regime.

Tensions between the superpowers increased during this time, when Carter placed trade embargoes on the Soviet Union and stated that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was " the most serious threat to the peace since the Second World War.

Map showing the boundary of Afghanistan before the First Anglo-Afghan War.

In the years immediately following the First Anglo-Afghan War, and especially after the Indian rebellion of 1857 against the British in India, Liberal Party governments in London took a political view of Afghanistan as a buffer state.

During World War I, Afghanistan remained neutral despite pressure to support Turkey when its sultan proclaimed his nation's participation in what it considered a holy war.

Archaeological exploration of the pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan began in Afghanistan in earnest after World War II and proceeded until the late 1970s when the nation was invaded by the Soviet Union.

Before the 1980s Soviet war, Afghanistan pursued a policy of neutrality and nonalignment in its foreign relations, being one of a few independent nations to stay neutral in both World War I and World War II.

During the 1950s and 60s, Afghanistan was able to use the Russian and American need for allies during the Cold War as a way to receive economic assistance from both countries.

Since 2001, the Royal Danish Army has been involved in the War in Afghanistan as part of the ISAF.

As of February 2007, Germany had about 3, 000 NATO-led International Security Assistance Force force in Afghanistan as part of the War on Terrorism, the third largest contingent after the United States ( 14, 000 ) and the United Kingdom ( 5, 200 ).

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in the Sri Lankan Civil War, the Afghan Mujahideen in the Soviet war in Afghanistan, George Grivas and Nikos Sampson's Greek guerrilla group EOKA in Cyprus, Aris Velouchiotis and Stefanos Sarafis and the EAM against the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II, Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck and the German Schutztruppe in World War I, Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Partisans in World War II, and the antifrancoist guerrilla in Spain during the Franco dictatorship, the Kosovo Liberation Army in the Kosovo War, and the Irish Republican Army led by Michael Collins during the Irish War of Independence.

Each plate is rated to stop a range of ammunition including 3 hits from a 7. 62 × 51 NATO AP round at a range of, though accounts in Iraq and Afghanistan tell of soldiers shot as many as seven times in the chest without penetration.

Beginning on 7 October 2001, the US again commenced military operations from Diego Garcia using B-1, B-2, and B-52 bombers to attack enemy targets in Afghanistan following the attacks on New York City and the Pentagon.

For the next 7 years the Hotakis became the de facto rulers of Persia, but their rule continued in the region of Afghanistan until 1738 when Shah Hussain was defeated.

Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun (; full title: Al-Sultan al -' Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Jam-i-Sultanat-i-haqiqi wa Majazi, Sayyid al-Salatin, Abu ' l Muzaffar Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun Padshah Ghazi, Zillu ' llah ; OS 7 March 1508 – OS 17 January 1556 ) was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled present day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530 – 1540 and again from 1555 – 1556.

On 7 September 2012, Captain Wales as he is known in the military, arrived at Camp Bastion in southern Afghanistan as part of the 100-strong 662 Squadron, 3 Regiment, Army Air Corps, to begin a four-month combat tour as a co-pilot and gunner for an Apache helicopter.

Zahir Shah attended the 7 December 2004 swearing in of Hamid Karzai as President of Afghanistan.

* 2005 – 2005 Kashmir earthquake: Thousands of people are killed by a magnitude 7. 6 earthquake in parts of Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.

On 7 October 2001, early combat operations including a mix of strikes from land-based B-1 Lancer, B-2 Spirit and B-52 Stratofortress bombers ; carrier-based F-14 Tomcat and F / A-18 Hornet fighters ; and Tomahawk cruise missiles launched from both U. S. and British ships and submarines signaled the start of Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan ( OEF-A ).

The initial military objectives of OEF-A, as articulated by Former President George W. Bush in his 20 September Address to a Joint Session of Congress and his 7 Oct address to the country, included the destruction of terrorist training camps and infrastructure within Afghanistan, the capture of al-Qaeda leaders, and the cessation of terrorist activities in Afghanistan.

On 7 October 2001, the Taliban proposed to try bin Laden in Afghanistan in an Islamic court.

* October 7: U. S. Attack on Afghanistan commences.

On October 7, 2001, the War in Afghanistan began when U. S and British forces initiated aerial bombing campaigns in Afghanistan targeting Taliban and Al-Qaeda camps, then later invaded Afghanistan with ground troops of the Special Forces.

It belongs to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) and the Economic Cooperation Organization, which comprises 7 Central Asian countries: Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

* June 7 – Shoja Shah of Afghanistan signs a treaty with the British.

In addition, there were 1. 7 million predominantly Pashtun refugees from Afghanistan.

The population of Afghanistan is around 30. 4 million as of the year 2012, which includes the 2. 7 million Afghan refugees that are residing temporarily in Pakistan and Iran.

As of 2012, the total population of Afghanistan is around 30, 419, 928, which includes the 2. 7 million Afghan refugees that are living in Pakistan and Iran.

Hamid Karzai, GCMG (, ; born 24 December 1957 ) is the 12th and current President of Afghanistan, taking office on 7 December 2004.

Karzai was officially sworn in as President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on 7 December 2004, at a formal ceremony in Kabul.

On 7 March 2008 Norwegian diplomat Kai Eide was appointed as the UN representative for Afghanistan, stating " I'm not Paddy Ashdown, but don't under-estimate me.

7: 30: U. S. Government denies any responsibility for the reported explosions in Kabul, capital of Afghanistan.

The current trade between Afghanistan and other countries is at US $ 5 billion a year.

* 1998 – An earthquake measuring 6. 1 on the Richter Scale in northeast Afghanistan kills more than 5, 000.

In the Soviet war in Afghanistan, the Soviets countered the U. S .– backed Mujahideen with a policy of scorched earth, driving over one third of the Afghan population into exile ( over 5 million people ), and carrying out widespread destruction of villages, granaries, crops, herds and irrigation systems, including the deadly and widespread mining of fields and pastures.

* 5 May 2008: Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan

* 1998 – A magnitude 6. 6 earthquake hits northern Afghanistan, killing up to 5, 000.

At its peak, the civilisation hosted a population of approximately 5 million in hundreds of settlements extending as far as the Arabian Sea, present-day southern and eastern Afghanistan, southeastern Iran and the Himalayas.

* In Karachi, Pakistan more than 5, 000 radical Islamist students mount the largest demonstration yet against possible U. S. military action against Afghanistan.

US Navy BLU-118B being prepared for shipping for use in Afghanistan, 5 March 2002.

* February 4 – An earthquake measuring 6. 1 on the Richter scale in northeast Afghanistan kills more than 5, 000 people.

** A 6. 6 magnitude earthquake hits northern Afghanistan, killing up to 5, 000.

* September 5 – A car bomb kills at least 30 people in Afghanistan, and an apparent assassination attempt on Afghan President Hamid Karzai fails the same day.

Iran hopes for stabilization in Afghanistan and supports the reconstruction effort so that the Afghan refugees in Iran ( which number approximately 2. 5 million.

In 2009, a nationwide survey conducted by the Afghan Central Statistics Office ( CSO ) estimated that the total number of Afghans living inside Afghanistan was about 24. 5 million and by 2011 it reached 26 million.

On December 5, 1978, a friendship treaty was signed between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan.

Between December 25, 1979, and February 15, 1989, a total of 620, 000 soldiers served with the forces in Afghanistan ( though there were only 80, 000 – 104, 000 serving at one time ): 525, 000 in the Army, 90, 000 with border troops and other KGB sub-units, 5, 000 in independent formations of MVD Internal Troops, and police forces.

The aircraft was from PATWING 5 from Naval Air Station Brunswick and was assigned to CTF-57 in Afghanistan

Anwar ul-Haq Ahady ( August 12, 1951 -) is a prominent academic and politician in Afghanistan, who served as the nation's Finance Minister from December 2004 to February 5, 2009.

* The United Nations World Food Programme appealed to international donors for US $ 150 million to assist the estimated 5. 5 million suffering people in Afghanistan.

* The World Food Programme warned that, following exodus of aid workers, about 1. 5 million Afghans could emigrate out of Afghanistan in search of food.

* Tajikistan's armed forces were placed on alert following reports that 5, 000 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan fighters in Afghanistan had approached the border.

* February 4 – An earthquake measuring 6. 1 on the Richter Scale in northeast Afghanistan kills more than 5, 000.