Satire was introduced into Arabic prose literature by the Afro-Arab author Al-Jahiz in the 9th century.

Literary criticism was also employed in other forms of medieval Arabic literature and Arabic poetry from the 9th century, notably by Al-Jahiz in his al-Bayan wa -' l-tabyin and al-Hayawan, and by Abdullah ibn al-Mu ' tazz in his Kitab al-Badi.

Literary criticism was also employed in other forms of medieval Arabic poetry and literature from the 9th century, notably by Al-Jahiz in his al-Bayan wa -' l-tabyin and al-Hayawan, and by Abdullah ibn al-Mu ' tazz in his Kitab al-Badi.

In the 9th century CE, the Afro-Arab writer Al-Jahiz considered the effects of the environment on the likelihood of an animal to survive.

Al-Jahiz was a famous Arab scholar and historian.

The Muslim author of the 9th century, Al-Jahiz, who has been referred to above, makes special mention of the shofar, the wind-instrument which was used when the exilarch ( ras al-jalut ) excommunicated any one.

However, the 9th-century Muslim author Al-Jahiz, an Afro-Arab and the grandson of a Zanj ( Bantu ) slave, disagreed.

* c. 800 — Al-Jahiz describes the struggle for existence, introduces the idea of a food chain, and adheres to environmental determinism.

One of the earliest descriptions of a food chain was described by a medieval Afro-Arab scholar named Al-Jahiz: " All animals, in short, cannot exist without food, neither can the hunting animal escape being hunted in his turn.

Al-Jahiz described early natural history ideas such as the " struggle for existence " ( Malthus ' phrase ), and the idea of a food chain.

In the 9th century, Al-Jahiz, an Afro-Arab Islamic philosopher attempted to explain the origins of different human skin colors, particularly black skin, which he believed to be the result of the environment.

Al-Jahiz held him to be the most learned scholar in all branches of human knowledge, and Ibn Hisham accepted his interpretation even of passages in the Qur ’ an.

Primitive evolutionary ideas have existed in the Muslim world ever since they were expressed by the Afro-Arab biologist Al-Jahiz ( c. 776-869 ), who first described the struggle for existence, a precursor to natural selection.

* 776 – 868 – language ' Amr ibn Bahr Al-Jahiz.

" The Lyons translation includes all the poetry, omitted in some translations, but does not attempt to reproduce in English the internal rhyming of some prose sections of the original Arabic.

A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec ( سجع, also transliterated as seci ), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj ' and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a sentence, there must be a rhyme.

There were also prose translations of French books of chivalry that survive from the 1450s, including The Book of the Law of Armys and the Order of Knychthode and the treatise Secreta Secetorum, an Arabic work believed to be Aristotle's advice to Alexander the Great.

Like most Jewish intellectuals of Muslim Spain, Halevi wrote prose in Arabic and poetry in Hebrew.

Arabic literature ( / ALA-LC: al-Adab al -‘ Arabī ) is the writing, both prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language.

A large proportion of Arabic literature before the 20th century is in the form of poetry, and even prose from this period is either filled with snippets of poetry or is in the form of saj or rhymed prose.

A good example of the lack of popular Arabic prose fiction is that the stories of Aladdin and Ali Baba, usually regarded as part of the Tales from One Thousand and One Nights, were not actually part of the Tales.

Throughout the 20th century, Arabic writers in both poetry and prose have reflected the changing political and social climate of the Arab world in their work.

Modern Arabic literature has seen a greater number of female writers ' works published: May Ziade, Fadwa Touqan, Suhayr al-Qalamawi, Ulfat Idlibi, Layla Ba ' albakki, Zuhrabi Mattummal, Hoda Barakat and Alifa Rifaat are just some of the novelists and prose writers.

Prior to the 19th century, Ottoman prose was exclusively non-fictional, and was much less highly developed than Ottoman poetry, in part because much of it followed the rules of the originally Arabic tradition of rhymed prose ( Saj ').

While arguably pulling Spanish narrative by the collar from the relative dark of social realism towards the aesthetic standards of Europe's most elite avant-garde, many of these novels proved almost unreadable to much of the public, a reality nicely embodied at the end of Juan Goytisolo's trilogy when an already deconstructed Spanish prose gradually transforms into an unreadable Arabic.

Maqāma ( literally " assemblies ") are an ( originally ) Arabic literary genre of rhymed prose with intervals of poetry in which rhetorical extravagance is conspicuous.

The protagonist is a silver-tongued hustler, a rogue drifter who survives by dazzling onlookers with virtuoso displays of rhetorical acrobatics, including mastery of classical Arabic poetry ( or of biblical Hebrew poetry and prose in the case of the Hebrew maqāmāt ), and classical philosophy.

A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec ( سجع, also transliterated as seci ), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj ' and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a sentence, there must be a rhyme.

A good example of the lack of popular Arabic prose fiction is that the stories of Aladdin and Ali Baba, usually regarded as part of the Tales from One Thousand and One Nights, were not actually part of the Tales.

His prolific output and groundbreaking work led the creation of modern Arabic expository prose.

Ibn al-Muqaffa's translation of the Kalīla wa Dimna from Middle Persian " is considered the first masterpiece of Arabic literary prose.

Kalīla wa Demna, nonetheless, served as a stimulus to the development of Arabic prose literature and inspired imitators, artists, and poets.

Another possibility, raised in an essay by the Swedish fantasy writer and editor Rickard Berghorn, is that the name Alhazred was influenced by references to two historical authors whose names were Latinized as Alhazen: Alhazen ben Josef, who translated Ptolemy into Arabic ; and Abu ' Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, who wrote about optics, mathematics and physics.

Meanwhile, around 1240, the Coptic Egyptian Christian writer, ' Abul Fada ' il Ibn al -' Assal, wrote the Fetha Negest in Arabic.

Abu Zanad, an Arabic writer from Iraq who lived around 747 A. D. ( after the founding of Islam ), wrote that at least one Mandaean community located in northern Iraq observed Ramadan.

The Prophecies Of Karma, published in 2011, is advertised as the first work of science fiction by an Arabic author, the Libanese writer Nael Gharzeddine.

A family friend, Abdel Rahman el-Khamissy ( a writer / director ) discovered her and asked an Arabic language teacher at the time to give her singing lessons.

A point reflected upon with some irony by Shia Bahraini writer, Tawfik Al-Rayyash, who in reference to the government / civil society ’ s reaction to Sharaitmadari's remarks said: " I ask myself why this outcry was led by people who, when they enter their homes or meet their families, change their language from Arabic to Persian.

Also around that time, prompted by that motive, the Latin writer Pseudo-Geber wrote under an Arabic pseudonym.

According to Klein, the word wazir is derived from Avestan vicira " arbitrator, judge " and replaced the Arabic kātib, " writer " in the sense of " secretary of state ".

Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE ( 3 April 1885-30 September 1960 ), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( الشيخ عبدالله ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer.

An Arabic writer of the 9th century records the fact that the exilarch presented a gift of 4, 000 dirhems on the Persian feast of Nauruz Revue des Études Juives-hereafter R. E. J.

She was highly educated and well versed in Persian and Arabic, as well as a writer, painter and poet ( of some repute ).

He was the first Arabic writer to win the prize.

* Emile Habibi ( 1922-1996 ), Israeli-Palestinian writer of Arabic expression and a communist politician, son of a Christian family

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ahmad Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi ( 1321-1357 ) ( in Arabic, محمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن عبد الله بن يحيى بن يوسف بن عبد الرحمن بن جزي الكلبي الغرناطي ) was a scholar, writer of poetry, history, and law from Al-Andalus.

The word is recorded in English since 1586, meaning " Oriental council of state ," from Turkish divan, from Arabic diwan, is a Middle-Persian loan-word in Arabic and was borrowed also at an earlier date into Armenian dīvān " bundle of written sheets, small book, collection of poems " ( as in the Divan-i Hafiz ), related to debir " writer.

" If it really belongs to Hai, he was, as far as is known, the first Eastern writer to use an Arabic meter in Hebrew poetry.

* Najmul Hoda, scholar, writer and poet, ex-head of the departments of Urdu, Arabic and Persian

al-Jāḥiẓ ( in Arabic الجاحظ ) ( real name Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Fuqaimi al-Basri ) ( born in Basra, 781 – December 868 / January 869 ) was an Arabic prose writer and author of works of literature, Mu ' tazili theology, and politico-religious polemics.

In short-story writing, there is the phenomenal Mohamed Said Raihani who is a trilingual writer ( he writes in Arabic, French and English ) and who has finished his fortieth manuscript before reaching the age of forty!

Kateb Yacine (( August 2, 1929 or August 6, 1929 — October 28, 1989 ) was an Algerian writer notable for his novels and plays, both in French and Algerian Arabic dialect, and his advocacy of the Algerian Berber cause.

It is claimed that he was the first writer to call attention to the philological connection of Sanskrit with Persian, Arabic, Greek and Latin. In 1785 he returned to England, and from 1790 – 1795 was Member of Parliament for Lymington, Hants.

The most successful Arabic writer, having exceeded sales of 2, 300, 000.