The Napoleonic Code was not the first legal code to be established in a European country with a civil legal system-it was preceded by the Codex Maximilianeus bavaricus civilis ( Bavaria, 1756 ), the Allgemeines Landrecht ( Prussia, 1794 ), and the West Galician Code ( Galicia, then part of Austria, 1797 ).

It was followed in 1792 by a legal compilation that included civil, penal, and constitutional law, the Allgemeines Landrecht für die Preussischen Staaten ( General National Law for the Prussian States ) promulgated by King Frederick II the Great.

In 1794, Prussia introduced the Allgemeines Landrecht ( or Prussian Code ), a major reform of laws that replaced the death penalty for this offense with a term of imprisonment.

* Prussian Allgemeines Landrecht ( ALR )

The Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch also called Josephinisches Gesetzbuch the predecessor of the Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch the Civil Code of Austria, which applies to all citizens equally, was published on 1 November 1786 after 10 years work on it since 1776.

The final Austrian Civil Code ( called Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, ABGB ) was only completed in 1811 after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation under the influence of the Napoleonic Wars.

The Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch ( ABGB ) is the Civil Code of Austria, which was enacted in 1811 after about 40 years of preparatory works.

Subsequently, with the passage of the Civil Code of Lower Canada in 1866, Quebec's civil law became entirely statute based, using the civil law system for matters within provincial jurisdiction.

Uniquely among U. S. states, Louisiana uses a codified system, the Louisiana Civil Code, based on principles of law from continental Europe instead of common law.

( Most notably, in the case Li v. Yellow Cab Co., 13 Cal. 3d 804 ( 1975 ), the California Supreme Court adopted the principle of comparative negligence in the face of a California Civil Code provision codifying the traditional common-law doctrine of contributory negligence.

Examples of common law being replaced by statute or codified rule in the United States include criminal law ( since 1812, U. S. courts have held that criminal law must be embodied in statute if the public is to have fair notice ), commercial law ( the Uniform Commercial Code in the early 1960s ) and procedure ( the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in the 1930s and the Federal Rules of Evidence in the 1970s ).

The Code of Justinian, in The Civil Law.

The Austrian Code of Civil Procedure ( Zivilprozessordnung – ZPO ) does not provide for a special proceeding for complex class action litigation.

Dutch law allows associations ( verenigingen ) and foundations ( stichtingen ) to bring a so-called collective action on behalf of other persons, provided they can represent the interests of such persons according to their by-laws ( statuten ) ( section 3: 305a Dutch Civil Code ).

Such settlement can be declared binding for all injured parties by the Amsterdam Court of Appeal ( section 7: 907 Dutch Civil Code ).

* Legrand, Pierre ( 1997 ) ' Against a European Civil Code ', Modern Law Review 60: 44-63.

* Civil and Commercial Code, the civil code of Thailand

For example, United States Civil Code 18 USC §§ 2520 provides for statutory damages to victims of various wiretapping offences.

The Code of Civil Procedure does, however, lay down Danish as the language of the courts.

In Russia, under chapter 54 of the Civil Code ( passed 1996 ), franchise agreements are invalid unless written and registered, and franchisors cannot set standards or limits on the prices of the franchisee's goods.

California, on the other hand, operates under the Civil Discovery Act of 1986 ( a revision of an older 1957 act ), which is codified in the California Code of Civil Procedure.

Perhaps the first instrument of modern public international law was the Lieber Code, passed in 1863 by the Congress of the United States, to govern the conduct of US forces during the United States Civil War and considered to be the first written recitation of the rules and articles of war, adhered to by all civilized nations, the precursor of public international law.

In light of this law being held unconstitutional, South Korea now only prohibits up to third cousins ( see Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code ).

* Yiannopoulos, A. N., The Civil Codes of Louisiana ( reprinted from Civil Law System: Louisiana and Comparative law, A Coursebook: Texts, Cases and Materials, 3d Edition ; similar to version in preface to Louisiana Civil Code, ed.

* Rodolfo Batiza, The Louisiana Civil Code of 1808: Its Actual Sources and Present Relevance, 46 TUL.

4 ( 1971 ); Rodolfo Batiza, Sources of the Civil Code of 1808, Facts and Speculation: A Rejoinder, 46 TUL.

603 ( 1972 ); Joseph M. Sweeney, Tournament of Scholars Over the Sources of the Civil Code of 1808, 46 TUL.

* Karl Anton von Martini ( 1726 – 1800 ), Austrian lawyer whose work strongly influenced the Austrian Civil Code of 1811

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

The system had previously been introduced in Prussia on October 1, 1874 and had been in use since the beginning of the 19th century in areas where the French Civil Code applied.

After his term as governor, he was appointed to served as United States Ambassador to Prussia where he served until the outbreak of the American Civil War.

After the Second war of Schleswig between Denmark and Prussia ended in 1864, Swedish volunteers coming back from Denmark wanted to go to America and continue fighting there in the American Civil War.

Prior to that date, airworthiness standards for airplanes in the normal, utility and acrobatic categories were promulgated in Part 3 of the US Civil Air Regulations.

Prior to that date, airworthiness standards for airplanes in the transport category were promulgated in Part 4b of the US Civil Air Regulations.

The Lieber Code, promulgated by the Union during the American Civil War, was critical in the development of the laws of land warfare.

In 1825, Haiti promulgated a Code Civil, that was simply a copy of the Napoleonic one ; while Louisiana abolished its Digeste, replacing it with the Code Civil de l ' État de la Lousianne the same year.

In 1865, the Code Civil du Bas-Canada ( or Civil Code of Lower Canada ) was promulgated in Lower Canada ( later the Canadian province of Quebec ).

The Imperial University Faculty of Law was given supervisory authority over many private law schools in 1887 ; by the 1920s, it promulgated a legal curriculum comprising six basic codes: Constitutional Law, Civil Law, Commercial Law, Civil Procedure, Criminal Law, and Criminal Procedure.

In 1804 Napoleon promulgated the Civil Code, a revised body of civil law, which also helped stabilize French society.

They were abolished in 1644 by the Directory of Public Worship promulgated by the English Civil War Parliamentary regime, but continued to be used in some parishes in the north of England.

Soon after passage of the Enabling Act of 1933, the Nazi government promulgated several antisemitic statutes, including the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service on 7 April 1933.

However, the forms of action persisted in the federal courts until 1938, when the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure were promulgated pursuant to the Rules Enabling Act.

The National People's Congress has so far promulgated Marriage Law, Adoption Law, Succession Law, Patent Law, Copyright Law, Contract Law, Law of Rights in Rem, Law of Tort Liability. The latest enactment is the Law of the People ’ s Republic of China on the Laws Applicable to Foreign-related Civil Relations adopted on 28 October 2010. The first part of the future Civil Code would be General Provisions which will be based on the current General Principles of Civil Law adopted in 1986.