Burnside, against the advice of the president, prematurely launched an offensive across the Rappahannock River and was stunningly defeated by Lee at Fredericksburg in December.

* 1944 – Continuation War: The Vyborg – Petrozavodsk Offensive, the largest offensive launched by Soviet Union against Finland during World War II, ends to a strategic stalemate.

Of all the causes of defection, that connected with arrears of tribute and vessels, and with failure of service, was the chief ; for the Athenians were very severe and exacting, and made themselves offensive by applying the screw of necessity to men who were not used to and in fact not disposed for any continuous labor.

Philosophically, the tank is, by its very nature, an offensive weapon.

If a batter reaches first base because of offensive interference by a preceding runner ( including if a preceding runner is hit by a batted ball ), he is also credited with a hit.

Sacrifice bunts ( sacrifice hits since 1954 ), which would lower a batter's on-base percentage, are not included in the calculation for on-base percentage, as bunting is an offensive strategy – often dictated by the manager – the use of which does not necessarily reflect on the batter's ability and should not be used to penalize him.

Basically, " plate appearances " = at bats + some of the scenarios excluded from at bats such as base on balls, hit by pitch, sacrifice or catcher's interference which positively affect the offensive team.

The scene in which, returning to her apartment, Bardot's character is harangued in the elevator by a middle-aged cleaning lady calling her offensive names, was based on an actual incident, and is a resonant image of celebrity in the mid-20th century.

Encouraged by these early gains Louis XIV urged Marshal Villeroi to go over to the offensive in the Spanish Netherlands and, with victory, gain a ' fair ' peace.

In 2002, it was a primary combat zone in Operation Defensive Shield, a major military offensive by the Israeli Defense Forces ( IDF ).

These programs continued until 1969, when by executive order President Richard Nixon shut down all programs related to American offensive use of biological weapons.

The Mortain counter-attack was effectively destroyed by U. S. 12th Army Group with little effect on its own offensive operations.

Although this theory has the Persians moving to the strategic offensive, this can be reconciled with the traditional account of the Athenians attacking the Persians by assuming that, seeing the Persians advancing, the Athenians took the tactical offensive, and attacked them.

Tactically, hoplites were vulnerable to attacks by cavalry, and since the Persians had substantial numbers of cavalry, this made any offensive maneuver by the Athenians even more of a risk, and thus reinforced the defensive strategy of the Athenians.

On Elizabeth's death in 1603, the 1559 book, substantially that of 1552 which had been regarded as offensive by the likes of Bishop Stephen Gardiner as being a break with the tradition of the Western church, had come to be regarded in some quarters as unduly Catholic.

The Colombian Army's assault on the FARC's Casa Verde sanctuary at La Uribe, Meta, followed by a FARC offensive that sought to undermine the deliberations of the Constitutional Assembly, began to highlight a significant break in the uneven negotiations carried over from the previous decade.

Complaints against broadcasters, such as concerns around offensive programming, are dealt with by the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council ( CBSC ), an independent broadcast industry association, rather than by the CRTC, although CBSC decisions can be appealed to the CRTC if necessary.

* CHOI-FM: The CRTC announced it would not renew the licence of the popular CHOI-FM radio station in Quebec City, after having previously sanctioned the station for failing to uphold its promise of performance and then, during the years following, receiving about 50 complaints about offensive behaviour by radio jockeys which similarly contravened CRTC rules on broadcast hate speech.

The Indians were named " Organization of the Year " by Baseball America in 1992, in response to the appearance of offensive bright spots and an improving farm system.

The Indians had a solid offensive season, led by career years from Travis Hafner and Grady Sizemore.

** On placekicks, no offensive lineman can now be engaged by more than two defensive players.

* 1281 – An offensive by the Byzantine Empire significantly reduces the size of the Kingdom of Albania, as it recaptures land seized from the Despotate of Epirus by Charles I of Sicily ten years earlier.

* The Byzantine offensive against the Muslim troops starts anew in Cilicia, Mesopotamia and Armenia.

During the next few years, the Byzantine offensive slowed and no significant gains were made, though in 1009 an attempt by the Bulgarians to counterattack was defeated at the Battle of Kreta, which was fought to the east of Thessalonica.

By 647, Muawiyah had built a Syrian army strong enough to repel a Byzantine attack and, in subsequent years, to take the offensive against the Byzantines in campaigns that resulted in the capture of Cyprus ( 649 ) and Rhodes ( 654 ) and a devastating defeat of the Byzantine navy off the coast of Lycia ( 655 ).

This absence persisted through most of the Thematic period, until the cataphracts reappeared in Emperor Leo VI's Sylloge Taktikon, probably reflecting a revival that paralleled the transformation of the Byzantine army from a largely defensive force into a largely offensive force.

To prove himself a worthy successor to his father both at home and in the eyes of foreign governments, Petar began his reign with a military offensive into Byzantine Thrace in 927.

But Emperor Heraclius's offensive in 627 and 628 brought victory over the Georgians and Persians and ensured Byzantine predominance in western and eastern Georgia until the invasion of the Caucasus by the Arabs.

A Byzantine counter offensive in 826 AD failed miserably.

However, it was due to Byzantine intervention that the Turks did not follow up their victory ; and Anazarbus remained in Armenian hands – Michael the Syrian says that John II Comnenus at once started an offensive against the Turks.

The first historical mention of the Albanians appears in an account of the resistance by a Byzantine emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, to an offensive by the Vatican-backed Normans from southern Italy into the Albanian-populated lands in 1081.

The Byzantine offensive continued and captured the port-city of Spinarizza.

Mehmed planned to overpower the walls by sheer force, expecting that the weakened Byzantine defense by the prolonged siege would now be worn out before he ran out of troops and started preparations for a final all-out offensive.

In 535, the Gothic War began with a double-pronged Byzantine offensive, with a fleet again carrying Belisarius ' army to Sicily and then Italy, and another army invading Dalmatia.

In 1004, he bravely defended their fortress and several times stop the offensive of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II, ( popularly known as the Bulgar-slayer ) to Serdika.

In the year 1789, Tipu Sultan ruler of the Sultanate of Mysore sent an embassy to the Ottoman capitol of Istanbul, to Sultan Abdul Hamid I requesting urgent assistance against the British East India Company and had proposed an offensive and defensive consortium ; Sultan Abdul Hamid I, informed the ambassadors of the Sultanate of Mysore that the Ottoman Empire was still recuperating from the Austro-Ottoman War and the Russo-Turkish Wars.

The Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked into Bulgaria, while Romania and the Ottoman Empire also attacked Bulgaria and gained ( or regained ) territory.

Louis XIV had hoped that a show of force would lead to a quick resolution to his dynastic and territorial disputes with the princes of the Empire along his eastern border, but his intimidatory moves only strengthened German resolve, and in May 1689 Leopold I and the Dutch signed an offensive compact aimed at repelling French aggression.

As this amounted mostly to cinema houses, the first Soviet films consisted of recycled films of the Russian Empire and its imports, to the extent that these were not determined to be offensive to the new Soviet ideology.

During the era between the Mycenaean times and the Roman Empire, the javelin was a commonly used offensive weapon.

In 1504, finding it impossible to succeed with the Doge of Venice by remonstrance, he brought about a union of the conflicting interests of France and the Holy Roman Empire, and sacrificed temporarily to some extent the independence of Italy to conclude with them an offensive and defensive alliance against Venice.

On 30 May 1941 Raeder told Hitler that a major offensive against Egypt to take the Suez Canal gave Germany a chance to strike a blow that " would be more deadly to the British Empire than the capture of London !".

It was the first major offensive by Allied forces against the Empire of Japan.

In his offensive against the Huns, Yazdegerd's focus shifted to Armenia, Caucasian Albania and the Roman Empire.

:" For ... outstanding service ... as Chief of Staff to Commander First Carrier Task Force, Pacific, during action against enemy Japanese forces in the Pacific War from 15 December 1944 to 15 May 1945 ... Commodore Burke was in large measure responsible for the efficient control under combat conditions of the tactical disposition, the operation, the security and the explosive offensive power of his task force in its bold and determined execution of measures designed to force the capitulation of the Japanese Empire ... throughout the seizure of bases at lwo Jima and Okinawa, including two carrier strikes on Tokyo, a carrier strike on the Kure Naval Base, and engagement with the Japanese Fleet on 7 April, in which several hostile man-o-war were destroyed by our aircraft ..."

These campaigns failed to secure any concrete gains ( apart from additional population employed to strengthen another frontier ), but it is important to note that under Constantine V the Empire had gone on the offensive.

Jakob Keller, in an apologetical work on behalf of limited justifications for tyrannicide, treated Bodin as a serious opponent on the argument that subjects can only resist a tyrant passively, with views on the Empire that were offensive.

At the head of a force of 10, 000 men, the brother of the King, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans ( 1640 – 1701 ), was to advance into Catalonia, whilst the Prince de Condé, with 22, 000 men, would defend against any potential offensive by the Holy Roman Empire in the dioceses of Metz, Toul and Verdun.

Thereafter, the British Empire mounted forces were on the offensive, pushing the German and Ottoman army back many miles across the Sinai Peninsula and reversing in a most emphatic manner the defeat suffered at Katia three months earlier.

For the final Allied offensive intended to knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war, Allenby asked that Emir Feisal and his Arab Northern Army launch a series of attacks on the main Turkish forces from the east, which was intended to both tie down Ottoman troops and force Turkish commanders to worry about their security of their flanks in the Levant.

In 1994, Kukliński said that his awareness of the " unambiguously offensive " nature of Soviet military plans was an important factor in his decision to communicate the details of those plans to the United States, adding that " Our front could only be a sacrifice of Polish blood at the altar of the Red Empire ".

Having renounced offensive warfare and expansionism, Ashoka nevertheless continued to maintain this large army, to protect the Empire and instill stability and peace across West and South Asia.

Kesh for example, is the military and offensive branch of the Vorlon Empire, while Kosh stands for teaching and maturing the Younger Races.

Delafosse previously proposed that, Soumaoro Kanté's grandfather with the help of his army and the Sosso nobility of Kaniaga captured what was left of the sacked Ghana Empire, and by 1180, Diara Kanté ( var: Jara Kante ), Soumaoro's father gained control of Koumbi Saleh, dethroned a Muslim dynasty and continued the Diarisso Dynasty ( varition: Jariso or Jarisso ) whose son ( Soumaoro ) went on to succeed him and launched an offensive against the Mandinkas.

Under the first Palaiologan emperor, Michael VIII, the army's role took an increasingly offensive role whilst the naval forces of the Empire, weakened since the days of Andronikos I Komnenos, were boosted to include thousands of skilled sailors and some 80 ships.

Meanwhile, the Russians turned back an Austrian offensive and pushed into eastern Galicia, the northeastern region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Although he continued to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire, he weathered the interventions of Poland into Bohemian affairs, conflicts with his kinsmen in Moravia, and undertook offensive campaigns against both Poland and Austria.

Nonetheless he was among the few who supported Władysław plans in late 1640s to wage an offensive war on the Ottoman Empire.