* 1973 – Jacob M. Appel, American bioethicist

An authority on professional confidentiality, Jacob Appel of New York University, has written that physician reporting is a double-edged sword, because it may deter some patients from seeking care.

Bioethicist Jacob M. Appel has argued that organ solicitation on billboards and the internet may actually increase the overall supply of organs.

Jacob Appel, an advocate for mixed rooms in the United States, has written that opposition to gender-mixed rooms stems from " old-fashioned prejudice " and argues that: " Because some people have been brought up to fear or dislike sharing a room with a person of the opposite sex, or blush at the prospect of catching a glimpse of an unwelcome body part when a robe slips open, we enshrine and perpetuate this prejudice in social policy.

A second generation of utilitarian bioethicists, including Julian Savulescu, Jacob M. Appel and Thaddeus Mason Pope, advanced these arguments further in the 1990s and 2000s.

In contrast, Jacob M. Appel of the Mount Sinai Hospital told UK newspaper The Telegraph that this development could be a welcome step toward clarifying the wishes of such patients.

An American bioethicist, Jacob M. Appel, argued that any money spent treating PVS patients would be better spent on other patients with a higher likelihood of recovery.

* Jacob M. Appel, American bioethicist

Suicide advocate Ludwig Minelli and bioethics professor Jacob M. Appel, in contrast, argue that all competent people have a right to end their own lives.

Jacob Appel, a Brown University bioethicist, has raised concerns about the possibility of employers mandating such enhancement for their workers.

* Jacob Appel, bioethicist

Some commentators, including Arthur Kohrman and Jacob Appel, have argued that the ruling effectively undermined the right of physicians to make sound medical decisions.

Jacob Appel, an American bioethicist, has described the consistent life ethic as an effort " to impose a particular set of theological values upon society-at-large " under the guise of a moral philosophy that is " no less misguided than the Inquisition or the Crusades.

Jacob M. Appel has summarized this principle:

* Appel, Jacob M. Mandatory Genetic Testing isn't Eugenics, it's Smart Science.

" In contrast, Jacob M. Appel of New York's Mount Sinai Hospital wrote that " the panel itself, far from being an incubator of intellectual ferment, had evolved into a publicly funded right-wing think tank with a handful of token moderates for window dressing " and argued that " Obama was wise to scrap the entire panel and to start over.

* Jacob Appel

* Jacob Appel

In contrast, bioethicist Jacob Appel of New York University has argued that governments should pay couples to choose to have female children.

Bioethicist Jacob Appel has taken this argument one step further, advancing a comprehensive " culture of liberty " that embraces " the acceptance of abortion-on-demand, physician-assisted suicide, gay marriage and diversity in sexual practices ".

* A Culture of Liberty by Jacob M. Appel

* Jacob Christian Lindberg Appel ( 1866 – 1931 ) 5 May 1920 – 23 April 1924

* 2008 Jacob Appel " The Mistress of Wholesome " ( drama )

The site also publishes columns by specialists in a wide range of fields such as Cenk Uygur, Anand Reddi on global health issues, Alice Waters on food, Harold Katz on dental health, Suzie Heumann on sex, Diane Ravitch on education, Frances Beinecke on climate change and the environment, Jacob M. Appel on ethics, Howard Steven Friedman on statistics and politics, Auren Hoffman on business and politics, Jon LaPook on medicine, Cara Santa Maria on science, and Iris Krasnow on marriage.

* Appel, J. M. Is all fair in biological warfare?

* H. Krauss, A. Weber, M. Appel, B. Enders, A. v. Graevenitz, H. D. Isenberg, H. G. Schiefer, W. Slenczka, H. Zahner: Zoonoses.

* February 21-Jacob M. Appel, short story writer

In an article in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Brown University historian Jacob M. Appel documented extensive political debate over legislation to legalize physician-assisted suicide in both Iowa and Ohio in 1906.

* Appel, Jacob M. Physicians, Wrongful Life and the Constitution, Medicine & Health, Rhode Island Volume 87, Number 2.

Several studies have questioned the basis for the protocol and have recommended abandoning it, however bioethicist Jacob M. Appel of New York University has said that the protocol is a success and should be expanded.

* Jacob M. Appel ( born 1973 ), American bioethicist

* 1921 – Karel Appel, Dutch painter ( d. 2006 )

Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken finally proved this in 1976.

The four color theorem was proven in 1976 by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken.

Appel and Haken's approach started by showing that there is a particular set of 1, 936 maps, each of which cannot be part of a smallest-sized counterexample to the four color theorem.

Appel and Haken used a special-purpose computer program to confirm that each of these maps had this property.

Appel and Haken concluded that no smallest counterexamples existed because any must contain, yet not contain, one of these 1, 936 maps.

To dispel remaining doubt about the Appel – Haken proof, a simpler proof using the same ideas and still relying on computers was published in 1997 by Robertson, Sanders, Seymour, and Thomas.

In 1976, while other teams of mathematicians were racing to complete proofs, Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken at the University of Illinois announced that they had proven the theorem.

Using mathematical rules and procedures based on properties of reducible configurations, Appel and Haken found an unavoidable set of reducible configurations, thus proving that a minimal counterexample to the four-color conjecture could not exist.

Appel and Haken's announcement was widely reported by the news media around the world, and the math department at the University of Illinois used a postmark stating " Four colors suffice.

Ulrich Schmidt at RWTH Aachen examined Appel and Haken's proof for his master's thesis.

In 1986, Appel and Haken were asked by the editor of Mathematical Intelligencer to write an article addressing the rumors of flaws in their proof.

In 1996, Neil Robertson, Daniel P. Sanders, Paul Seymour, and Robin Thomas created a quadratic time algorithm, improving on a quartic algorithm based on Appel and Haken ’ s proof (; ).

This new proof is similar to Appel and Haken's but more efficient because it reduced the complexity of the problem and required checking only 633 reducible configurations.

The following discussion is a summary based on the introduction to Appel and Haken's book Every Planar Map is Four Colorable.

Appel and Haken's final discharging procedure was extremely complex and, together with a description of the resulting unavoidable configuration set, filled a 400-page volume, but the configurations it generated could be checked mechanically to be reducible.

At first, The New York Times refused as a matter of policy to report on the Appel – Haken proof, fearing that the proof would be shown false like the ones before it.

A computer-aided proof produced in 1976 by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken makes fundamental use of the notion of " discharging " developed by Heesch.

The first ray casting ( versus ray tracing ) algorithm used for rendering was presented by Arthur Appel in 1968.

Thus, French philosophers Félix Guattari and Gilles Deleuze signed in November 1977 L ' Appel des intellectuels français contre la répression en Italie ( The Call of French Intellectuals Against Repression in Italy ) in protest against Negri's imprisonment and Italian anti-terrorism legislation.

* " Civilisation 2. 0 " ( 2007 ), ISBN 87-413-6534-8, Thaning & Appel