" Averroës's Search " ( original Spanish title: " La Busca de Averroes ") is a 1947 short story by the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges.

He wrote a short story in which the philosopher Averroes is the chief protagonist, Averroes's Search.

During his tenure he publicly defended the Dominicans against attacks by the secular and regular faculty of the University of Paris, commented on St John, and answered what he perceived as errors of the Arabian philosopher Averroes.

Among his most important works were translations of texts by Averroes.

Prior to translating Averroes ' commentaries, Anatoli had occupied himself with the translation of astronomical treatises by the same writer and others ; but at the instance of friends he turned his attention to logic and the speculative works, realizing and recommending theimportance of logic, in particular, in view of the contemporary religious controversies.

( 2 ) A Compendium of Astronomy, by Averroes, a book which was unknown to the Christians of the Middle Ages, and of which neither a manuscript of the original nor a Latin translation has come down.

The teleological argument was presented by the early Islamic philosophers, Alkindus and Averroes ( founder of Averroism ), while Avicenna ( founder of the Avicennism school of Islamic philosophy ) presented both the cosmological argument and ontological argument in The Book of Healing ( 1027 ).

Perhaps the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe was St. Thomas Aquinas who helped reintroduce Aristotle's works, which had only been preserved by the Muslims, along with the commentaries of Averroes.

In Persia, works such as the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam and Epic of Kings by Ferdowsi provided evidence of political analysis, while the Middle Eastern Aristotelians such as Avicenna and later Maimonides and Averroes, continued Aristotle's tradition of analysis and empiricism, writing commentaries on Aristotle's works.

Sunspot activity in 1129 was described by John of Worcester, and Averroes provided a description of sunspots later in the 12th century ; however, these observations were also misinterpreted as planetary transits, until Galileo gave the correct explanation in 1612.

It is widely accepted that Copernicus's De revolutionibus followed the outline and method set by Ptolemy in his Almagest and employed geometrical constructions that had been developed previously by the Maragheh school in his heliocentric model, and that Galileo's mathematical treatment of acceleration and his concept of impetus rejected earlier medieval analyses of motion, rejecting by name ; Averroes, Avempace, Jean Buridan, and John Philoponus ( see Theory of impetus ).

Among Sephardi and Italian Jews from the fifteenth century on, some authorities sought to apply the methods of Aristotelian logic, as reformulated by Averroes.

The terms " comedy " and " satire " became synonymous after Aristotle's Poetics was translated into Arabic in the medieval Islamic world, where it was elaborated upon by Arabic writers and Islamic philosophers such as Abu Bischr, his pupil Al-Farabi, Avicenna, and Averroes.

Philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, Maimonides, Aquinas and Hegel are sometimes said to have argued that reason must be fixed and discoverable — perhaps by dialectic, analysis, or study.

14th-century depiction of Averroes ( detail from Triunfo de Santo Tomás by Andrea da Firenze ), who addressed the omnipotence paradox in the 12th century

In metaphysics, or more exactly ontology, Averroes rejects the view advanced by Avicenna that existence is merely accidental.

Averroes, detail of the fresco The School of Athens by Raphael

Moses Maimonides, Samuel Ben Tibbon, Juda Ben Solomon Choen, and Shem Tob Ben Joseph Falaquera were Jewish philosophers influenced by Averroes.

* Reflecting the respect which medieval European scholars paid to him, Averroes is named by Dante in The Divine Comedy with the great pagan philosophers whose spirits dwell in " the place that favor owes to fame " in Limbo.

* Averroes is also the title of a play called " The Gladius and The Rose ", written by Tunisian writer Mohamed Ghozzi, and which had the first price in the theater festival in Charjah in 1999.

* Averroes, Islamic Philosophy Online ( links to works by and about Averroes in several languages )

The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes,

In medieval virtue ethics, championed by Averroes and Thomas Aquinas and still important to Roman Catholicism, courage is referred to as " Fortitude ".

Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) wrote a refutation of Al-Ghazali's work entitled The Incoherence of the Incoherence ( Tahāfut al-Tahāfut ) in which he defends the doctrines of the philosophers and criticizes al-Ghazali's own arguments.

Averroes's strictly rationalist views collided with the more orthodox views of Abu Yusuf Ya ' qub al-Mansur, who therefore eventually banished Averroes, though he had previously appointed him as his personal physician.

*" Averroes's Search " (" La busca de Averroes ")

* Averroes ' Search

Averroes wrote a medical encyclopedia called Kulliyat (" Generalities ", i. e. general medicine ), known in its Latin translation as Colliget.

* " Averroes ", BBC Radio 4 discussion, 5 October 2006, " In Our Time " programme.

The concept of " existence precedes essence ", a key foundational concept of existentialism, can also be found in the works of Averroes, as a reaction to Avicenna's concept of " essence precedes existence ".

B., Jr., " Averroes ", in Medieval Literary Criticism: Translations and Interpretations.

Copious and apt citations show that the author mastered Aristotle and his Arabic commentator, Averroes ; but a scrupulous fidelity to the Angelical Doctor, that earned for him the extraordinary appellation of " Soul of St. Thomas ", is his chief characteristic.

In it Anatoli manifests a wide acquaintance not only with the classic Jewish exegetes, but also with Plato, Aristotle, Averroes, and the Vulgate, as well as with a large number of Christian institutions, some of which he ventures to criticize, such as celibacy and monastic castigation, as well as certain heretics ( compare 15a, 98a, 115a ); and he repeatedly appeals to his readers for a broader cultivation of the classic languages and the profane branches of learning.

The Arabs lost sight of Aristotle's political science but continued to study Plato's Republic which became the basic text of Judeo-Islamic political philosophy as in the works of Alfarabi and Averroes ; this did not happen in the Christian world, where Aristotle's Politics was translated in the 13th century and became the basic text as in the works of Saint Thomas Aquinas.

Averroes rejected Avicenna's Neoplatonism which was partly based on the works of neo-Platonic philosophers, Plotinus and Proclus, that were mistakenly attributed to Aristotle.

Averroes is most famous for his commentaries of Aristotle's works, which had been mostly forgotten in the West.

Anatoli wrote the Malmad exhibiting his broad knowledge of classic Jewish exegetes, as well as Plato, Aristotle, Averroes, and the Vulgate, as well as with a large number of Christian institutions, some of which he ventures to criticize, such as celibacy and monastic castigation, as well as certain heretics and he repeatedly appeals to his readers for a broader cultivation of the classic languages and the non-Jewish branches of learning.

Besides the great universities, which taught philosophies and sciences yet unknown in Christendom ( such as those of Averroes ), the territory was an equally vital center for art.

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) is most famous for his commentaries on Aristotle's works and for writing The Incoherence of the Incoherence in which he defended the falasifa against al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers.

Such claims were without merit, however, as the Alexandrian Aristotelianism of Averroes followed " the strict study of the text of Aristotle, which was introduced by Avicenna, a large amount of traditional Neoplatonism was incorporated with the body of traditional Aristotelianism ".

By the 12th century, Aristotle's works began being translated into Latin during the Latin translations of the 12th century, and gradually arose Scholastic philosophy under such names as Thomas Aquinas, which took its tone and complexion from the writings of Aristotle, the commentaries of Averroes, and The Book of Healing of Avicenna.

Though many of his works have not survived, his theories on astronomy and physics were preserved by Maimonides and Averroes respectively, which had a subsequent influence on later astronomers and physicists in the Islamic civilization and Renaissance Europe, including Galileo Galilei.

The earliest recorded examples of a vernacular Romance-based literature date from the same time and location, the rich mix of Muslim, Jewish, and Christian cultures in Muslim Spain, in which Maimonides, Averroes, and others worked.

A complete version of Aristotle's Poetics appeared later ( first in 1570 in an Italian version ), but his ideas had circulated ( in an extremely truncated form ) as early as the 13th century in Hermann the German's Latin translation of Averroes ' Arabic gloss, and other translations of the Poetics had appeared in the first half of the 16th century ; also of importance were the commentaries on Aristotle's poetics by Julius Caesar Scaliger which appeared in the 1560s.