Left to right: Muzaffer Kılıç, Rauf ( Orbay ), Bekir Sami Kunduh | Bekir Sami ( Kunduh ), Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | Mustafa Kemal ( Atatürk ), Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın | Ruşen Eşref ( Ünaydın ), Cemil Cahit Toydemir | Cemil Cahit ( Toydemir ), Cevat Abbas Gürer | Cevat Abbas ( Gürer )

It was built by the Ottoman governor, Koca Bekir Pasha, in Roman style in 1745 to carry water from a source about six miles south of Larnaka into the town.

Mustafa Fevzi was born on January 24, 1876 in Cihangir ( Istanbul, Ottoman Empire ) to mother Hesna Hanım, daughter of Varnalı Hacı Bekir Efendi, who is the youngest son of Ömer Ağa, and father Ali Sırrı Efendi, who is son of Çakmakoğlu Hüseyin Derviş Kaptan and served for Tophane ( Arsenal ) as secretary.

He said that he was assigned this mission by Turkish mafioso Bekir Celenk in Bulgaria.

Le Monde diplomatique, however, has alleged that the assassination attempt was organized by Abdullah Çatlı " in exchange for the sum of 3 million marks ", paid by Bekir Celenk to the Grey Wolves.

Prominent artists in the post-World War II period include Virgilije Nevjestić, Bekir Misirlić, Ljubo Lah, Meho Sefić, Franjo Likar, Mersad Berber, Ibrahim Ljubović, Dževad Hozo, Affan Ramić, Safet Zec, Ismar Mujezinović, and Mehmed Zaimović.

There are also wedding singers who are famous in local city in Afrin, for example: Bave Nur, Abdo Mohamad ( who known more better in Finland as pensseli-setä ), Zekeriya Dilshad, Jan Boro, Shoresh Bekir, Ciwan Musa, Xebat Teyfur, Ismail Mohamad, Akkash Dildar and many others.

The organisation also states the following have been released as a result of their campaigning: Mallam Turi, Zeenah Ibrahim from Nigeria ; Sheikh Al-Jamri, Bahrain ; Huda Kaya, Bekir Yildiz, Recep Tayyep Erdogan, Nurilhak Saatcioglu, Nurcihan Saatioglu, Turkey ; Sheikh Ahmed Yassine, Abdul Aziz Rantissi, Rabbi Biton, Sheikh Abdulkareem Obeid, Mustafa Dirani from Israeli detention ; Mohammed Mahdi Akef, Egypt ; Dr. Muhammad Osman Elamin, Sudan ; Cehl Meeah, Mauritius ; Abbasi Madani and Ali Behadj, Algeria.

* van den Berg, Arnoud B .; Bekir, Soner ; de Knijff, Peter & The Sound Approach ( 2010 ): Rediscovery, biology, vocalisations and taxonomy of fish owls in Turkey.

During Stalin's Great Purge, statesmen and intellectuals such as Veli Ibraimov and Bekir Çoban-zade ( 1893 – 1937 ), were imprisoned or executed on various charges.

Bekir Çobanzade ( pronounced ; May 15, 1893 – October 13, 1937 ) was a Crimean Tatar poet and professor of Turkic languages who was one of the victims of the Great Purge.

Other performers include Bekir Sıdkı Sezgin, Alaeddin Yavaşça, Müzeyyen Senar and Zekai Tunca.

And he learned Arabic and Persian languages from his grandfather Hacı Bekir Efendi, who had studied in Egypt and Baghdad and was one of the prominent intelligentsia at the time.

* Intervalles Shenzhen Pyongyang, exposition on Delisle's work for French-speaking audiences, scenography by Bekir Aysan.

Those educated in the schools established during the Tanzimat period included Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and other progressive leaders and thinkers of the Republic of Turkey and of many other former Ottoman states in the Balkans, the Middle East and North Africa.

He was the son of Hadji Mehmed Piri, and began engaging in government-supported privateering ( a common practice in the Mediterranean Sea among both the Muslim and Christian states of the 15th and 16th centuries ) when he was young, in 1481, following his uncle Kemal Reis, a well-known corsair and seafarer of the time, who later became a famous admiral of the Ottoman Navy.

After the destruction of the Greek forces in Asia Minor and the expulsion of Ottoman sultan by the Turkish army under the command of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the Ankara-based government of the Turkish national movement i. e. Turkey, rejected the Treaty of Sèvres that was signed by the Ottoman Empire.

* 1500: The Ottoman fleet of Kemal Reis defeats the Venetians at the Second Battle of Lepanto.

The most famous corsairs were the Ottoman Hayreddin and his older brother Oruç Reis ( Redbeard ), Turgut Reis ( known as Dragut in the West ), Kurtoğlu ( known as Curtogoli in the West ), Kemal Reis, Salih Reis and Koca Murat Reis.

Despite their territorial gains following the Paris Peace Conference, the Greeks still hoped to achieve the Megali Idea and annex Constantinople and larger areas of Ottoman Asia Minor ; they therefore invaded Anatolia beyond Smyrna and sought to take Ankara, with the aim of destroying the Turkish resistance led by Mustafa Kemal ( later known as Atatürk ).

Turkish revolutionaries led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a successful Ottoman commander, rejected the terms enforced at Sèvres and under the guise of General Inspector of the Ottoman Army, left Istanbul for Samsun to organize the remaining Ottoman forces to resist the terms of the treaty.

Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, and the subsequent dissolution of the Caliphate by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( founder of Turkey ), many Muslims perceived that the political power of their religion was in retreat.

Although many people claim that it was Mustafa Kemal or Bolshevik, according to the official version, Mustafa Suphi was killed by the order of Ottoman Emperor because of his support to liberation of Turkey.

See Ankara for the history of this region which has seen the passing of numerous great civilisations including Phrygians, Lydians, Persians and Alexander the Great, Galatians ; the city of Ankara becoming a fortified stronghold of the Byzantines ; and then falling to the Seljuk Turks, and later the Ottoman Empire ; and finally being chosen by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as the site of Turkish parliament in 1920 and subsequently in 1923 as the capital city of the Republic of Turkey.

Those educated in the schools established during the Tanzimat period included Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and other progressive leaders and thinkers of the Republic of Turkey and of many other former Ottoman states in the Balkans, the Middle East and North Africa.

Only Mustafa Kemal, commander of the Ottoman 19th Division at Anzac, expected the attack against the heights but he was unable to convince his superiors to significantly strengthen the defences — only one regiment was moved to the sector north of ANZAC.

As the extent of the Allied offensive became apparent, General Otto Liman von Sanders, the commander of the Ottoman forces in the Dardanelles, appointed his competent officer, Colonel Mustafa Kemal, the commander for the defence of Suvla and Sari Bair.

On the morning of 10 August Mustafa Kemal led an overwhelming Ottoman counter-attack.

Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late 19th century Ottoman Empire.

Mustafa Kemal, commander of the Ottoman 19th Division which was in reserve only a few miles from the landing, was instructed to send a single battalion as well.

The critical situation at Helles meant that most Ottoman reserves were dispatched there however Mustafa Kemal had received the Ottoman 33rd and 64th Regiments and his 72nd Regiment was still largely intact.

Moorish exiles of the Reconquista and Maghreb pirates added to the numbers, but it was not until the expansion of the Ottoman Empire and the arrival of the privateer and admiral Kemal Reis in 1487 that the Barbary corsairs became a true menace to Christian shipping.

The Ottoman government, which signed but did not ratify the treaty, was overthrown by the new Turkish nationalist Government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, based in Ankara.

One important change to Turkish literature was enacted in 1928, when Mustafa Kemal initiated the creation and dissemination of a modified version of the Latin alphabet to replace the Arabic-based Ottoman script.

Under the Yildirim Army Group were, from west to east: the Ottoman Eighth Army ( Jevad Pasha ) which held the front from the Mediterranean coast to the Judean Hills with five divisions ( one of which had recently arrived at Et Tire, a few miles behind the front lines ), a cavalry division and the German " Pasha II " detachment, equivalent to a regiment ; the Seventh Army ( Mustafa Kemal Pasha ) which held the front in the Judean Hills to the Jordan River with four divisions and a German regiment ; and the Fourth Army ( Jemal Mersinli Pasha ), which was divided into two groups: one faced the bridgeheads which Allenby's forces had seized over the Jordan with two divisions, while the other defended Amman and Ma ' an and the Hejaz Railway against attacks by Arab forces with two divisions, a cavalry division and some miscellaneous detachments.

* Karpat, Kemal H. ( 2002 ) Studies on Ottoman Social and Political History.

According to the official Ottoman census of 1906 – 1907 ( published in " The Ottoman Population 1830 – 1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics " by Kemal H. Karpat ), the ethnic-religious breakdown in the Sanjak of Kırk Kilise was: 22, 022 Muslims ; 14, 154 Greek Orthodox ; 1, 599 Bulgarian Orthodox ; and 789 Jews.

* Markus Koller and Kemal H. Karpat, Ottoman Bosnia: A History in Peril, University of Wisconsin Press ( 2004 ) ISBN 0-299-20714-5

And against the sack of Megara, she had to face the temporary capture of the castle of Aegina by Kemal Reis and the carrying off of 2000 Aeginetans.

Kemal Saiki, a United Nations spokesman, said that the Democratic Republic of the Congo does not " even have 2, 000 miles of roads " and that many people traveling around the country fly on aircraft.

* 1888 – Namık Kemal, Turkish poet ( b. 1840 )

King Amanullah in 1928, the scope of the European tour with Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in Turkey.

The Gallipoli campaign gave an important boost to the career of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a little-known, low-ranking army officer whose success at Gallipoli made him a national hero.

With other Turkish officers, Mustafa Kemal halted and eventually repelled the Allied advance, Mustafa Kemal exceeding his authority and contravening orders in so doing.

The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923, with Mustafa Kemal ( Atatürk ) as its first president.

The government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues.

But at the same time, a nationalist movement had arisen in Turkey, led by Mustafa Kemal ( later Kemal Atatürk ), who set up a rival government in Ankara and was engaged in fighting the Greek army.

But the royalist restoration had dire consequences: many veteran Venizelist officers were dismissed or left the army, while Italy and France found the return of the hated Constantine a useful pretext for switching their support to Kemal.

This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system, something for which it blames " the disbelieving ( Kafir ) colonial powers " working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

* 2000 – Kemal Sunal, Turkish actor ( b. 1944 )

With the foundation of the modern, secular Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk removed religion from the sphere of public policy and restricted it exclusively to that of personal morals, behavior and faith.

His first attempt ended in failure when the Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who remembered Papen well with considerable distaste from World War I, refused to accept him as Ambassador, complaining in private the nomination of Papen must have been meant as some sort of German sick joke.

With the Turkey | Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk at the celebration ceremony for the tenth anniversary of the Turkish Republic.

The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of Kemal Atatürk.

When his uncle Kemal Reis died in 1511 ( his ship was wrecked by a storm in the Mediterranean Sea, while he was heading to Egypt ), Piri returned to Gelibolu, where he started working on his studies about navigation.

Mahmud Tarzi, Amanullah's father-in-law and Foreign Minister, encouraged the monarch's interest in social and political reform but urged that it be gradually built upon the basis of a strong central government, as had occurred in Turkey under Kemal Atatürk.

In Turkey, the most prominent and active secularist organization is Atatürk Thought Association ( ADD ), which is credited for organizing the Republic Protests – demonstrations in the four largest cities in Turkey in 2007, where over 2 million people, mostly women, defended their concern in and support of secularist principles introduced by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

* 1919 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who founded the Republic of Turkey, gathers a congress in Sivas to make decisions as to the future of Anatolia and Thrace.

* 1914 – Orhan Kemal, Turkish author ( d. 1970 )