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Burkert and Walter
Walter Burkert discerned three components in the prehistory of Apollo worship, which he termed " a Dorian-northwest Greek component, a Cretan-Minoan component, and a Syro-Hittite component.
* Walter Burkert, 1985.
* Burkert, Walter, 1985.
Walter Burkert notes that " Ares is apparently an ancient abstract noun meaning throng of battle, war.
* Walter Burkert, 1985.
* Burkert, Walter.
* Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion 1985.
* Burkert, Walter, 1977 ( tr.
A scholar of Greek mythology Walter Burkert writes in Greek Religion, " Nevertheless, there are memories of an earlier aniconic representation, as a pillar in Argos and as a plank in Samos.
* Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion 1985.
* Burkert, Walter, The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age, 1998
* Burkert, Walter, ( 1977 ) 1985.
* Burkert, Walter, 1985.
Walter Burkert notes that in Phaistos she appears in connection with an initiation cult.
Nymphs are personifications of the creative and fostering activities of nature, most often identified with the life-giving outflow of springs: as Walter Burkert ( Burkert 1985: III. 3. 3 ) remarks, " The idea that rivers are gods and springs divine nymphs is deeply rooted not only in poetry but in belief and ritual ; the worship of these deities is limited only by the fact that they are inseparably identified with a specific locality.
Walter Burkert observes that " Frenzied women from whose lips the god speaks " are recorded in the Near East as in Mari in the second millennium BC and in Assyria in the first millennium BC.
" Walter Burkert finds that " the second element da-remains hopelessly ambiguous " and finds a " husband of Earth " reading " quite impossible to prove.
Conversely, Walter Burkert suggests that the Hellene cult worship of Poseidon as a horse god may be connected to the introduction of the horse and war-chariot from Anatolia to Greece around 1600 BC.
" In cult, Poseidon was identified with Erechtheus ," Walter Burkert noted ; " the myth turns this into a temporal-causal sequence: in his anger at losing, Poseidon led his son Eumolpus against Athens and killed Erectheus.
Walter Burkert detects in the Polyphemus episode a subtext that " seems to offer us something more ancient: threatened by the man-eater, men conceal themselves in the skins of slaughtered animals, and thus, disguised as animals, escape the groping hands of the blinded monster.
* Burkert Walter ( 1985 ).
As Walter Burkert points out in his book, Greek Religion, " Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence.
The similarity of names between Hestia and Vesta is, however, misleading: " The relationship hestia-histie-Vesta cannot be explained in terms of Indo-European linguistics ; borrowings from a third language must also be involved ," scholar Walter Burkert has written.

Burkert and Greek
* Burkert, Walter Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-36280-2 ( 1985 ); Orig.
In his book Greek Religion, Walter Burkert notes the connection with the motif of far-off Dilmun: " Thus Achilles is transported to the White Isle, which may refer to Mount Teide on Tenerife, whose volcano is often snowcapped and as the island was sometimes called the white isle by explorers, and becomes the Ruler of the Black Sea, and Diomedes becomes the divine lord of an Adriatic island ".
( According to Walter Burkert in The Orientalizing Revolution, literacy explodes within a few decades after 750 BC: " The earliest Greek letters recognized to date originate in Naxos, Ischia, Athens, and Euboea, and appear around or a little before 750 ".
Yet there is no trace of a Semitic deity directly connected with Adonis, and no trace in Semitic languages of any specific mythemes connected with his Greek myth ; both Greek and Near Eastern scholars have questioned the connection ( Burkert, p 177 note 6 bibliography ).
* Burkert, Walter, 1985. Greek Religion, " Foreign gods " p 176f
Walter Burkert places Cybele ( as Meter ) among the " foreign gods " of Greek Religion, where she " presents a complex picture insofar as an indigenous, Minoan-Mycenean tradition is here intertwined with a cult taken over directly from the Phrygian kingdom of Asia Minor ".
The copper ores of Cyprus made the island an essential node in the earliest trade networks, and Cyprus was a source of the orientalizing cultural traits of mainland Greece at the end of the Greek Dark Ages, hypothesized by Walter Burkert in 1992.
Though Jerome and Eusebius ( both citing Castor of Rhodes ), and as even late as 1812 John Lemprière euhemeristically asserted that he was the first king of Argos, and Robert Graves that he was a descendant of Iapetus, most modern mythologists understand Inachus as one of the river gods, all sons of Oceanus and Tethys and thus to the Greeks part of the pre-Olympian or " Pelasgian " mythic landscape ; in Greek iconography, Walter Burkert notes, the rivers are represented in the form of a bull with a human head or face.
* Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, 1985.
* Burkert, Walter, Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual, Translation, University of California, 1979.
" Such deities are very much overshadowed by the divine figures defined through poetry and cult ," Walter Burkert remarked of Greek nature deities.
After prayers the foetid remains of the pigs from the previous year were mixed with seeds and planted ( Scholiast on Lucian ): "" the clearest example in Greek religion of agrarian magic ," Burkert observes ( 1985 p 244 ).
According to Walter Burkert, a scholar on sacrifice, Greek sacrifices derived from hunting practices.
* Walter Burkert, Greek Religion 1985
Walter Burkert points out, " When in the Iliad Zeus calls the gods into assembly on Mount Olympus, it is not only the well-known Olympians who come along, but also all the nymphs and all the rivers ; Okeanos alone remains at his station ", Greek hearers recognized this impossibility as the poet's hyperbole, which proclaimed the universal power of Zeus over the ancient natural world: " the worship of these deities ," Burkert confirms, " is limited only by the fact that they are inseparably identified with a specific locality.

Burkert and Religion
* Walter Burkert, Greek Religion 1985, Harvard University Press, III 3. 3
* Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion 1985.
* Greek Religion by Walter Burkert ISBN 0-674-36281-0 ( 1987 )
* Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion ( Harvard University Press, 1985 ) esp.
Walter Burkert has shown that since Lycurgus of Athens ( d. 324 BC ), who held that " it is the oath which holds democracy together ", religion, morality and political organization had been linked by the oath, and the oath and its prerequisite altar had become the basis of both civil and criminal, as well as international law. Burkert, Greek Religion, trans.
* Walter Burkert, Greek Religion.
* Burkert, Walter ( 1984 ) Greek Religion.
* Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, 1985
* W. Burkert, Greek Religion ( 1987 ).
* Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.

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