By all means the most important distinction is that between those total-cost apportionments which superimpose a distribution of admittedly unallocable cost residues on estimates of incremental or marginal costs, and those other apportionments which recognize no difference between true cost allocation and mere total-cost distribution.

By preserving the value, only one division operation is needed and the higher-order statistics can thus be calculated for little incremental cost.

By standard definition, a differential backup copies files that have been created or changed since the last full backup, regardless of whether any other differential backups have been made since then, whereas an incremental backup copies files that have been created or changed since the most recent backup of any type ( full or incremental ).

By effectively building upon previously compiled output files, the incremental compiler avoids the wasteful recompiling of entire source files, where most of the code remains unchanged.

By trying to consolidate the partnership between the monarchial regime and the intellectual opposition, Hoveida believed that the incremental reforms he desired would bear fruit.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

Suggest the following twenty-first-century amendment: By moving the term `` Republic '' to lower case, substituting the modern phrase, `` move ahead '' for the stodgy `` keep '', and by using the Postmaster's name on every envelope ( in caps, of course, with the `` in spite '' as faded as possible ), the slogan cannot fail.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By fixing the tax rate in advance of spending, upper limits are set on expenditures.

By this standard, it is determined that where two stations operating on the same frequency are involved, objectionable interference from station A exists at any point within the service area of station B where station A's signal is of an intensity one-twentieth or more of the strength of station B's signal at that point.

By automobile from New York, for example, you can take a one or two-day tour to Annapolis, Maryland to see the colonial homes and the U.S. Naval Academy ( where you can shoot the dress parade on Wednesdays ) ; ;

By submerging the patient in a tub and rotating the transducer while the scanning goes on, they have been able to get cross-section views of the neck, as shown in Fig. 7, as well as many other hitherto impossible insights.

Reports Jim Lendrum: `` By studying men on the job, we found that two men -- a carpenter and a helper -- can lay a floor faster than three.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

By 800 social and cultural security had been achieved, at least on a simple plane ; ;

By 1871 L. C. Orvis, manager of the `` Western Union Telegraph Company '', expressed willingness to send emergency telegrams on Sundays from his Village drugstore.

By themselves they may not be able to save the life on this planet, but without them there would be very little left worth saving.

By preying on the sick, by playing callously on the hopes of the desperate, by causing the sufferer to delay proper medical care, these medical ghouls create pain and misery by their very activity.

By fall, 443 survivors of this arduous journey were clustered about Fort Snelling, but most of them were sent on to Galena and St. Louis, with a few going as far as Vevay, Indiana, a notable Swiss center in the United States.

By the time her hindquarters were in a standin' position, her knees were on the ground in a prayin' attitude.

By 1926, when the mighty Yanks were at their mightiest, only a few of these were left but they still shone brightest, even beside able and agile rookies like Tony Lazzeri ( who managed never to have one of his epileptic fits on the field ), Mark Koenig, Lou Gehrig, George Pipgras, and gray-thatched Earl Combs.

By a wrenching effort, he managed to hunch and draw in, to take the final fall on his back and shoulders rather than his head.

`` By winning against Bradley, Kentucky and Notre Dame on those teams' home courts, they showed that the home court advantage can be overcome anywhere and that it doesn't take a super team to do it ''.

By mid-June, millions of Americans will take to the road on vacation trips up and down and back and forth across this vast and lovely land.

By July 1, six weeks from now, motel-keepers all over the nation will, by 6 p.m., be switching on that bleak -- to motorists -- sign, `` No Vacancy ''.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the time the fielder got his hands on the ball Deegan was rounding third base and heading for home.

By channeling a large electric current through the compressed carbon granules in the microphone, a small sound signal could produce a much larger electric signal.

By contrast, if we look at a point on the left and placed a small paddle wheel there, the larger " current " on its left side would cause the paddlewheel to rotate counterclockwise, which corresponds to a curl in the positive z direction.

By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part.

By the end of 1997 the consolidated public sector deficit decreased to 4. 6 % of GDP — with public sector spending falling from 62 % of GDP to below 50 %— the current account deficit was reduced to 2 % of GDP, and government debt was paid down to 94 % of annual export earnings.

By sensing the current provided to a load and using the device's applied voltage as a sensor voltage it is possible to determine the power dissipated by a device.

By the early 20th century Dutch dominance extended to what was to become Indonesia's current boundaries.

By the turn of the 20th century, the heyday of individualist anarchism had passed, although aspects of the individualist anarchist tradition were later revived with modifications by Murray Rothbard and his anarcho-capitalism in the mid-20th century, as a current of the broader libertarian movement.

By challenging students ' current ideas, students can adjust their ideas to more closely resemble actual theories or concepts.

By 1956, the city had grown to, and doubled in size over the next decade to its current size of roughly.

By presenting the card, the purchaser is typically entitled to either a discount on the current purchase, or an allotment of points that can be used for future purchases.

By means of a series of electrodes ( dynodes ) at ever-higher potentials, these electrons are accelerated and substantially increased in number through secondary emission to provide a readily detectable output current.

By May 1969 Britain ’ s current account position was in surplus, thanks to a growth in exports, a drop in overall consumption and, in part, the Inland Revenue correcting a previous underestimation in export figures.

By January 1837, an alliance of 107 Boers, sixty Rolong, and forty Coloured men, organised as a commando under the leadership of Potgieter and Gert Maritz, attacked Mzilikazi's settlement at Mosega, which suffered heavy losses, and early in 1838 Mzilikazi fled north beyond the Limpopo ( to current day Zimbabwe ), never to return to the Transvaal.

By encouraging the inclusion of semantic content in web pages, the Semantic Web aims at converting the current web dominated by unstructured and semi-structured documents into a " web of data ".

By appropriate selection of the ratio of turns, a transformer thus enables an alternating current ( AC ) voltage to be " stepped up " by making N < sub > s </ sub > greater than N < sub > p </ sub >, or " stepped down " by making N < sub > s </ sub > less than N < sub > p </ sub >.

By the 1870s, efficient generators that produced alternating current ( alternators ) were available, and it was found that alternating current could power an induction coil directly, without an interrupter.

By the 16th century the word theosophy was being used in at least one of its current meanings.

By becoming President under current terms, Grant would at best leave the office at age 56 with no income, assuming he served two terms.

By 1859, the University had moved to its current site in the Sydney suburb of Camperdown.

By hitting A, T and B simultaneously, Keen is granted all of the current level's crystal keys / keycards, 1 extra life and 99 shots for the ray gun.

" By signing a 10-year ( contract ) with the Teamsters ( and with over 30 other unions representing city employees ), the current administration and City Council unduly hamstrung not only the current management of city government, but the next six years of management as well, a period that extends well beyond the elected terms of the incoming administration and City Council ," according to a March 2011 report from the Office of the Inspector General of the City of Chicago.

By applying a bias voltage to a " gate " terminal, the channel is " pinched ", so that the electric current is impeded or switched off completely.

By adding a series or shunt resistor, more than one range of voltage or current could be measured with one movement.