Nevertheless, it remained one of the most splendid churches of the Eastern Empire, where the Byzantine Emperors were crowned.

Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos, the fourth emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century AD, referred to Asia Minor as East thema, " ανατολικόν θέμα " ( from the Greek words anatoli: east, thema: administrative division ), placing this region to the East of Byzantium, while Europe was lying to the West.

The Aegean Sea was later invaded by the Persians and the Romans, and inhabited by the Byzantine Empire, the Bulgarians, the Venetians, the Genoeses, the Seljuq Turks, and the Ottoman Empire.

In the Byzantine Empire, Anatolikon called also Theme of the Anatolics ( ανατολικόν θέμα ) was a theme covering the western and central parts of Turkey's present-day Central Anatolian Region.

In the Byzantine Empire, Anatolikon called also Theme of the Anatolics ( ανατολικόν θέμα ) was a theme covering the western and central parts of Turkey's present-day Central Anatolian Region.

After the division of the Roman Empire, Anatolia became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire.

Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).

Control of Anatolia was then split between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, with the Byzantine holdings gradually being reduced.

Alp Arslan led Seljuq Turks to victory against the Byzantine Empire | Byzantines in 1071.

In 1068, en route to Syria, Alp Arslan Oush invaded the Byzantine Empire.

While the Byzantine Empire was to continue for nearly another four centuries, and the Crusades would contest the issue for some time, the victory at Manzikert signalled the beginning of Turkish ascendancy in Anatolia.

* 527 – Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.

Its great natural strength and situation, not far from the mouth of the Sis pass, and near the great road which debouched from the Cilician Gates, made Anazarbus play a considerable part in the struggles between the Byzantine Empire and the early Muslim invaders.

This is regarded by some historians as the real end of the Byzantine Empire.

Troy cannot have been Asagarth, Snorri realizes, the reason being that the Æsir in Asaland were unsettled by the military activities of the Romans ; that is, of the Byzantine Empire.

* 450 – Pulcheria becomes empress of the Byzantine Empire after her brother Theodosius II is killed during an hunting accident.

The " Rubens Vase " ( Byzantine Empire ).

* 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.

Alexios used the opportunity of meeting the crusader leaders separately as they arrived and extracting from them oaths of homage and the promise to turn over conquered lands to the Byzantine Empire.

He presented himself to Robert Guiscard who used him as a pretext to launch his invasion of the Byzantine Empire.

: For the city in the late Roman and the Eastern Roman or Byzantine periods ( 330 – 1453 ), see Constantinople.

Historians generally refer to the continuing Roman Empire in the east as the Byzantine Empire after Byzantium, the original name of the town that Constantine I would elevate to the Imperial capital as New Rome in 330 AD.

** Medieval Greek or Byzantine Greek, ( 330 – 1453 AD )

The tradition of eastern liturgical chant, encompassing the Greek-speaking world, developed in the Byzantine Empire from the establishment of its capital, Constantinople, in 330 until its fall in 1453.

Copious archaeological remains were found dating to the Byzantine period ( 330 CE – 636 CE ) and were excavated by the University of Pennsylvania Museum from 1921-23.

This is a list of people, places, things, and concepts related to or originating from the Byzantine Empire ( AD 330 – 1453 ).

Caesaropapism's chief example is the authority the Byzantine ( East Roman ) Emperors had over the Church of Constantinople or Eastern Christian Church from the 330 consecration of Constantinople through the tenth century.

The tradition of eastern liturgical chant, encompassing the Greek-speaking world, developed in the Byzantine Empire from the establishment of its capital, Constantinople, in 330 until its fall in 1453.

This title is most usually associated with the shahanshah ( Shah of shahs, i. e. king of kings, indeed translated in Greek Basileus toon basileoon, later adopted by the Byzantine emperors ) of Persia under the Achaemenid dynasty whose vast empire in Asia lasted for 200 years up to the year 330 BC, and later adopted by successors of the Achaemenid empire whose monarchial names were also succeeded by " the Great ".

Further revolts in the Holy Land, renamed Syria Palaestina after 135, now against Constantinople ( the Roman capital after 330, often designated the Byzantine Empire ) include:

* the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Emperors, who ruled from 330 to 1204 and from 1261 to 1453.

Arcadius (; ; 377 / 378 – 1 May 408 ) was the Byzantine Emperor from 395 until his death in 408.

; Roman / Byzantine emperors

In Byzantine and Russian art, the theme of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae ( Τὸ ἐν Χωναῖς / Χῶναις Θαῦμα τοῦ Ἀρχαγγέλου Μιχαήλ ) is intimately linked with the site.

In its capital the heraldic lion and unicorn take the place of the Composite's volutes, a Byzantine / Romanesque conception, but expressed in terms of neoclassical realism.

Post-Roman imported pottery has been excavated from many sites across the region, and the apparent surge in late 5th century Mediterranean and / or Byzantine imports is yet to be explained satisfactorily.

Fermat was not the first mathematician so moved to write in his own marginal notes to Diophantus ; the Byzantine scholar John Chortasmenos ( 14th / 15th C .) had written " Thy soul, Diophantus, be with Satan because of the difficulty of your theorems " next to the same problem.

Basileus appears not to have been used exclusively in the meaning of " emperor " ( and specifically, the Roman / Byzantine emperor ) before the 7th century, although it was a standard informal designation of the Emperor in the Greek-speaking East.

Though present and allowed to speak before the council, members of the Imperial Roman / Byzantine court, abbots, priests, monks and laymen were not allowed to vote.

* 1327 – Nikephoros Choumnos, Byzantine scholar and statesman ( b. 1250 / 55 )

IV, Issue 3 ( Jun / Jul, 2010 ), was devoted to " Justinian's fireman: Belisarius and the Byzantine empire ", with articles by Sidney Dean, Duncan B. Campbell, Ian Hughes, Ross Cowan, Raffaele D ' Amato, and Christopher Lillington-Martin.

It covers the story of the Lombards from their legendary origins in the north in ' Scadinavia ' and their subsequent migrations, notably to Italy in 568 / 9 to the death of King Liutprand in 744, and contains much information about the Byzantine empire, the Franks, and others.

Despite this, the Eastern Roman / Byzantine armies continued to be influenced by the earlier Roman legions, and were maintained with similar level of discipline, strategic prowess, and organization.

The Suda, a 10th century Byzantine encyclopædia, dates her to the 42nd Olympiad ( 612 / 608 BC ), meaning either that she was born then or that this was her floruit.

It remained the center of Byzantine resistance to the gradual Muslim conquest of Sicily until it fell to the Aghlabids after another siege on 20 / 21 May 878.

The scientific revolution was built upon the foundation of ancient Greek learning and science in the middle ages, as it had been elaborated and further developed by Roman / Byzantine science and medieval Islamic science.

The Roman / Byzantine territory was organized as the Exarchate of Ravenna, administered from that ancient port and overseen by a viceroy ( the Exarch ) appointed by the Emperor in Constantinople, but Ravenna and Venice were connected only by sea routes and with the Venetian's isolated position came increasing autonomy.

During this period, the seat of the local Byzantine governor ( the " duke / dux ", later " doge ") was situated in Malamocco.

The conquest of the Byzantine Empire, center of the Eastern Orthodox Church, by the Muslim Ottoman Empire in the 15th century, and the gradual fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire ( which had replaced the Frankish Empire ) led to a change of the importance of Roman Catholic / Protestant vs. Eastern Orthodox concept in Europe.

* 6 October – Saint Nicetas the Patrician, Byzantine official and iconophile monk ( b. 761 / 2 )

* September / October – Umayyad troops sack the Byzantine fortress of Charsianon

However, the couple's son Vladimir Monomakh bore the family name of the Roman / Byzantine emperor, giving the story credence.

Chris Wickham states Louis spent five years campaigning to reduce then occupy Bari, " and then only to a Byzantine / Slav naval blockade "; " Louis took the credit " for the success, adding " at least in Frankish eyes ", then concludes by noting that by remaining in southern Italy long after this success, he " achieved the near-impossible: an alliance against him of the Beneventans, Salernitans, Neapolitans and Spoletans ; later sources include Sawadān as well.

In 987 / 988, a seven-year truce was signed with the Fatimids, stipulating an exchange of prisoners, the recognition of the Byzantine emperor as protector of the Christians under Fatimid rule and of the Fatimid Caliph as protector of the Muslims under Byzantine control, as well as the replacement of the Abbasid Caliph's name by that of the Fatimid Caliph in the Friday prayer in the mosque of Constantinople.