* DICE — Defense-Independent Component ERA: an estimate of a pitcher's ERA based upon the defense-independent components of his statistical line ( K, HR, BB, HBP )

* Component Object Model ( COM ) — Microsoft Windows-only cross-language object model

* XPCOM ( Cross Platform Component Object Model ) — developed by Mozilla for applications based on it ( e. g. Mozilla Application Suite, SeaMonkey 1. x )

Component manufacturers have been accused of planned obsolescence for introducing more and more complicated shifting systems — and withdrawing support for older systems — to a riding public which generally doesn't need so many gears for basic transport, utility, or recreational cycling.

* ERA — Earned run average: total number of earned runs ( see " ER " above ), multiplied by 9, divided by innings pitched

* FIP — Fielding independent pitching: a metric, scaled to resemble an ERA, that focuses on events within the pitcher's control — home runs, walks, and strikeouts

However, the pitching staff — a strong point for the team in 1995 — was beset by injuries: Bill Swift, who went 9 – 3 in 1995, started just three games, and the staff ERA ballooned to 5. 60.

Pitcher Darryl Kile ( who died in 2002 ) signed as a free agent in the offseason, struggled in Colorado, going 13 – 17 with a 5. 20 ERA — a far cry from his numbers the prior year as a member of the Houston Astros, when he went 19 – 7 with a 2. 57 ERA.

In addition, the pitching staff posted a 4. 66 ERA — the best in team history — and starters Jason Jennings, Aaron Cook, and Jeff Francis had good seasons.

* Kevin Brown ( 1996 – 1997 ) — In 1996, Brown posted a 17 – 11 record with 159 strikeouts and an MLB best 1. 89 ERA, finishing second in the Cy Young Award voting.

* Brad Penny ( 2000 – 2004 ) — In 2003, Penny collected the win in Florida's NLCS clinching victory over the Chicago Cubs and in the World Series against the New York Yankees he went 2 – 0 with a 2. 19 ERA in his two starts.

The article further reasoned that because Article V of the Constitution gives the Congress the power to propose amendments to the Constitution — including changing aspects of the ratification process itself — that if three additional states ratify the ERA, the Congress has the power to deem the ERA properly ratified and duly added to the Constitution.

In 1987, Ryan led the major leagues in both ERA ( 2. 76 ) and strikeouts ( 270 ) at the age of 40 — but finished 8 – 16 as the result of extremely poor run support.

* Mariano Rivera — eight innings, 1. 12 ERA, two saves ( Series MVP )

Lyle finished his 16-year career with 238 saves, a 2. 88 ERA, and a record of 99-76 in 899 games pitched — all in relief.

Again, Palmer was at his peak in, winning 23 games, throwing 10 shutouts ( allowing just 44 hits in those games ), and fashioning a 2. 09 ERA — all tops in the American League.

Although the Cubs continued losing, Smith finished with a career-best 1. 65 ERA — more than two points below the league average — and a career-best 1. 074 WHIP while leading the National League with 29 saves and 56 games finished.

The researchers estimate that the river — known as a submarine channel — would be the sixth largest river in the world if it were on land based on the amount of water flowing through it.

Historians estimate that fewer than one million immigrants — perhaps as few as 400, 000 — crossed the Atlantic during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Led Zeppelin are one of the best-selling music artists in the history of audio recording — various sources estimate the group's sales at more than 200 or even 300 million albums worldwide.

The initial results of using these models to estimate the number of monopoles created in the big bang contradicted cosmological observations — the monopoles would have been so plentiful and massive that they would have long since halted the expansion of the universe.

But a wiser man has arisen — the census taker — and his larger estimate of human interest has been preferred in marking out the field of these little stories of the ' Four Million.

By comparison, prediction in frequentist statistics often involves finding an optimum point estimate of the parameter ( s ) — e. g. by maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori estimation ( MAP ) — and then plugging this estimate into the formula for the distribution of a data point.

* Foresight ( providentia ) — capacity to estimate whether a particular action will lead to the realization of our goal

A San Francisco newspaper demanded that he cut his estimate of the rim height — at 1500 feet ( 450 m ), already under by half — in half again before they would published it.

However, it does represent the best estimate of all market participants at any point in time — bubbles are easy to spot retrospectively, but if a market participant believes a stock is overvalued, then of course they can profit from this by selling the stock ( or shorting it, if they don't hold it ).

These subjects tended to grow more confident with each successive draw — whether they initially thought the basket with 60 % black balls or the one with 60 % red balls was the more likely source, their estimate of the probability increased.

Another painting by the artist — Jeanne Hebuterne ( au chapeau ), one of the first portraits he painted of his lover — sold for $ 19. 1m (£ 11. 8m ), high above its estimate of $ 9 – 12m (£ 5. 6-7. 4m ).

Although academics disagree about who can be classified as an ecotourist and there is little statistical data, some estimate that more than five million ecotourists — the majority of the ecotourist population — come from the United States, with many others from Western Europe, Canada and Australia.

The expected cost is $ 7. 69 billion — a $ 670 million increase from the prior $ 7 billion estimate.

While there are close to 200 cognac producers, a large percentage of cognac — 90 % according to one 2008 estimate — is produced by only four companies: Courvoisier, Hennessy, Martell, and Rémy Martin.

* SV — Save: number of games where the pitcher enters a game led by the pitcher's team, finishes the game without surrendering the lead, is not the winning pitcher, and either ( a ) the lead was three runs or fewer when the pitcher entered the game ; ( b ) the potential tying run was on base, at bat, or on deck ; or ( c ) the pitcher pitched three or more innings

On September 1, 1998, Wells came fairly close to recording a second perfect game — an unprecedented feat for an individual pitcher's career, not to mention a single season.

During this period, the pitcher's mound was much closer to home plate, foul balls were not counted as strikes, batters got four strikes, and the number of " called balls " resulting in a walk — which initially included strikes and foul balls-went from 9 to 8 to 7 to 6 to 5 and, in 1889, to 4.

A satire portraying a future and dystopian Western society with — based on contemporary trends — a culture of extreme youth rebellion and violence: it explores the violent nature of humans, human free will to choose between good or evil, and the desolation of free will as a solution to evil.

Until independence, Armenia's economy was based largely on industry — chemicals, electronic products, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber and textiles ; it was highly dependent on outside resources.

There, next door to Peabody's book store on West Street, Bronson Alcott hosted a series based on the " Conversations " model by Margaret Fuller called " A Course on the Conversations on Man — his History, Resources, and Expectations ".

A large part of mythology is based upon a belief in souls and spirits — that is, upon animism in its more general sense.

Hume believes that all disputes on the subject have been merely verbal arguments — that is to say, arguments which are based on a lack of prior agreement on definitions.

FireTrack exploits a division in the way the Electron handles its display — of the seven available graphics modes, two are configured so that the final two of every ten scanlines are blank and are not based on the contents of RAM.

Each of the national governments based in Berlin — the 1871 German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, East Germany, and now the reunified Germany — initiated ambitious ( re -) construction programs, with each adding its own distinctive style to the city's architecture.

Three APIs are available — a Direct Persistence Layer which is " Plain Old Java Objects " ( POJO ); one which is based on the Java Collections Framework ( an object persistence approach ); and one based on the traditional Berkeley DB API.

But in her effort to win Bulgaria for the Central Powers, and seeing the inevitability of Ottoman disintegration, was toying with the idea of replacing the Balkan area of the Ottomans with a friendly Greater Bulgaria in her San Stefano borders — an idea that was based on the German origin of the Bulgarian King and his anti-Russian sentiments.

They feel that the Western-Cape based Afrikaners — whose ancestors did not trek eastwards or northwards — took advantage of the republican Boers ' destitution following the Anglo-Boer War and later attempted to assimilate the Boers into a new politically based cultural label as " Afrikaners ".

The only suspected cases to arise thus far have been vCJD, although there are fears — based on animal studies — that consuming beef or beef products containing prion particles can also cause the development of classic CJD.

Classical physics draws a distinction between particles and energy, holding that only the latter exhibit waveform characteristics, whereas quantum mechanics is based on the observation that matter has both wave and particle aspects and postulates that the state of every subatomic particle can be described by a wavefunction — a mathematical expression used to calculate the probability that the particle, if measured, will be in a given location or state of motion.

It met with stronger resistance in the Senate — some Senators objected to the change of name ; Ernest Manning, who argued that the rationale for the change was based on a misperception of the name, and George McIlraith, who did not agree with the manner in which the bill had been passed and urged the government to proceed in a more " dignified way "— but finally passed.

It is largely based on the British Westminster System, adopting many of its practices and precedents, but with a similar structure — House of Representatives, and Senate — to the U. S. Congress.