* Cao Ren, cousin of the warlord Cao Cao ( d. 223 )

* Cao Chun, younger brother of Cao Ren ( d. 210 )

In 219, Guan Yu advanced north, attacking Fancheng, scoring a major victory over Cao Ren.

Guan Yu, who is in charge of Jing Province, leads his troops to attack Cao Ren in the Battle of Fancheng.

After almost a year of fighting, Cao Cao could no longer afford continuous loss of materiel and labor in the siege, and ordered Cao Ren to withdraw from Jiangling fortress.

In 219, Guan Yu attacked the nearby enemy city of Fancheng ( present-day Fancheng District, Xiangyang, Hubei ), which was guarded by Cao Ren, and besieged it.

As he was threatened by rival Yuan Shao in the north and could not divide his attention, Cao Cao attempted to further reinforce the alliance with Sun Ce by marrying the daughter of his relative Cao Ren to Sun Ce's youngest brother Sun Kuang.

Cao Cao became concerned about such developments in his rear, but his cousin Cao Ren observed that Liu Bei could not have too much control over his new men given by Yuan Shao.

So Cao Cao sent Cao Ren to deal with the rebellion.

Cao Ren succeeded, killing the rebel leader Liu Pi and routing Liu Bei.

Cao Ren again responded to the threat by defeating Han Meng at Mount Jiluo ( 雞洛山 ; 50 li northeast of present-day Xinmi, Henan ).

In 219, Cao Cao's cousin and leading general Cao Ren was besieged at the fortress at Fancheng ( 樊城 ; present-day Fancheng District, Hubei ) by Guan Yu.

* 1461 – The Ming Dynasty Chinese military general Cao Qin stages a coup against the Tianshun Emperor.

* Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, general and prime minister of South Vietnam

* Cao Zhang, Chinese general, son of Cao Cao ( d. 223 )

* Zhang He, general under Cao Cao ( d. 231 )

* August 7 – The Ming Dynasty Chinese military general Cao Qin stages a coup against the Tianshun Emperor ; after setting fire to the eastern and western gates of the Imperial City ( Beijing ) ( which are doused by pouring rains during the day-long uprising ), Cao Qin finds himself hemmed in on all sides by imperial forces, loses three of his own brothers in the fight, and instead of facing execution he flees to his home in the city and commits suicide by jumping down a well located within his walled compound.

** Cao Qin, Chinese general and rebel of the Ming Dynasty

* Ling Cao, general under Sun Ce and father of Ling Tong ( killed by pirate Gan Ning )

* Cao Shuang, general of Wei

* The Cao Wei general Sima Yi destroys the outlying northeastern Chinese warlord Gongsun Yuan in his Liaodong campaign.

* Cao Hong, general of the Kingdom of Wei during the Three Kingdoms era

* Cao Hong, general of Cao Wei

* Deng Ai, general of the Cao Wei

* Cao Bao, general under Tao Qian of the Han Dynasty

* Cao Zhen, general of Kingdom of Wei ( b. 185 )

* Zang Ba, general of Tao Qian, Lü Bu, and Cao Cao

* Cao Chun, general under Cao Cao ( b. 170 )

* Han Hao, general under Cao Cao

In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Warring States ( 481 – 221 BC ), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou ( Canal of the Wild Geese ), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei.

Capitals: of Cao Wei and Western Jin, Luoyang ; of Shu Han, Chengdu ; of Eastern Wu and Eastern Jin, Jiankang ; of Western Jin, Chang ' an

After Cao Cao reunified the north in 208, his son proclaimed the Wei dynasty in 220.

The Cao Wei empire is established.

* 226 – Cao Pi dies after an illness ; his son Cao Rui succeeds him as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.

* 265 – Sima Yan, the successor to his father Sima Zhao as the Cao Wei regent, forces Cao Huan to abdicated the throne and establishes the Jin Dynasty.

* 265: The Jin Dynasty is founded when the overthow of the Cao Wei Dynasty by Sima Yan.

* Cao Cao, founding emperor of the Kingdom of Wei

* Wang Can, Chinese poet, scholar, and statesman of Cao Wei ( b. 177 )

* Wu Zhi, adviser under Cao Pi of the Kingdom of Wei

* Future Emperor of Cao Wei, Cao Fang, is instated as the Prince of Qi.

* Empress Wende, empress of Cao Wei ( b. 184 )

It began when the ruler of Wei, Cao Cao, was defeated by Liu Bei and Sun Quan at the Battle of Red Cliffs.

After Cao Cao's death in AD 220, his son Cao Pi became emperor of Wei.

* Ma Jun, a Chinese mechanical engineer from Cao Wei, invents the South Pointing Chariot, a path-finding directional compass vehicle that uses a differential gear, not magnetics.

* Cao Rui, emperor of the Kingdom of Wei ( approximate date ) ( d. 239 )

* Guanqiu Jian of Cao Wei invades Goguryeo, devastating their capital.

* Cao Huan, last emperor of the Kingdom of Wei ( possible date ) ( d. 302 )