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* Chronology: the reigns of Abdur Rahman Khan and Habibullah, 1881 – 1919
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Chronology and –
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut ( according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty ).
* Sweetman, Jack ; " American Naval History: An Illustrated Chronology of the US Navy And Marine Corps, 1775 – present ".
* J. T. Lienhard, " Paulinus of Nola and Early Western Monasticism, with a study of the Chronology of His Work and an Annotated Bibliography ," 1879-1976 ( Theophaneia 28 ) ( Köln-Bonn 1977 ), pp. 192 – 204 ;
* c. 6 BC – 4 BC: Birth of Jesus of Nazareth ( see Chronology of Jesus ' birth and death, Anno Domini, and Common Era for further details ).
Below dates are those published by the Xia – Shang – Zhou Chronology Project ( dates in Chinese history before the first year of the Gonghe Regency in 841 BC are contentious ).
* Scottish Kings, a Revised Chronology of Scottish History, 1005 – 1625, by Sir Archibald H. Dunbar, Bart., Edinburgh, 1899, p. 256.
Eckert and other " post-Farmerian " writers ( denoting authors working with or in a similar vein as Eckert, who are admirers of Farmer's Wold Newton biographies and fiction ) have – through crossovers documented in Eckert's massive online Crossover Chronology ( published in book form by Black Coat Press in two volumes in 2010 as Crossovers: A Secret Chronology of the World ), and through parascholarly articles such as those appearing on the various WNU-themed websites online ; Myths for the Modern Age: Philip José Farmer's Wold Newton Universe ( edited by Win Scott Eckert, MonkeyBrain Books, 2005, a 2007 Locus Award finalist ) and in various issues of the pro-zine dedicated to and authorized by Farmer, Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer ( published by Michael Croteau, webmaster of the Official Philip José Farmer Home Page ) – brought numerous further fictional characters into the WNU.
William Hales ( 1747 Ireland .. 1831 ), who published " A New Analysis of Chronology " in three volumes ( 1809 – 1812 ), cited the chronology of the people of India as dating the epoch of creation to 6174 BC.
* Fasti Hellenici, the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece from the 55th to the 124th Olympiad ( 1824 – 1851 ), including dissertations on points of Greek history and Scriptural chronology ; and
* Fasti Romani, the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople from the Death of Augustus to the Death of Heraclius ( 1845 – 1850 ).
reigns and Khan
During the reigns of Kulug Khan, Ayurbarwada and Gegeen Khan, Yesün Temür, who had a large fief and powerful army in Mongolia, became one of the princes most respected by the court and emerged as the undisputed leader of the princes in the steppe.
reigns and –
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The Giza pyramid complex, which includes among other structures the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, is surrounded by a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow, and outside of which Mark Lehner has discovered a worker's town, otherwise known as " The Lost City ", dated by pottery styles, seal impressions, and stratigraphy to have been constructed and occupied sometime during the reigns of Khafre ( 2520 – 2494 BC ) and Menkaure ( 2490 – 2472 BC ).
Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.
In fact, during the reigns of the final three joint rulers ( 1760 – 1837 ), there was only one short visit, by George IV in 1821.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria who reigns as regent and proclaimed herself empress ( Augusta ) of the Eastern Roman Empire.
The reigns of the last three Stuart Kings – Charles I, Charles II and James II and VII – were marked by growing Royal resistance to this developing consensual model of government.
Lancelot Andrewes ( 1555 – 25 September 1626 ) was an English bishop and scholar, who held high positions in the Church of England during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I.
Duchesne and others believe that the author of the first addition to the Liber Pontificalis was a contemporary of Pope Silverius ( 536 – 537 ), and that the author of another ( not necessarily the second ) addition was a contemporary of Pope Conon ( 686 – 687 ), with later popes being added individually and during their reigns or shortly after their deaths.
During the reigns of Umar ( 634-44 CE ) and Uthman ibn Affan ( 644 – 56 ) concerns of flooding caused the caliphs to bring in Christian engineers to build barrages in the low-lying quarters and construct dykes and embankments to protect the area round the Kaaba.
Following the reigns of Marinus, Pope Hadrian III ( 884 – 885 ) and Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ), Formosus was elected Pope on 6 October 891.
The reigns of Vladimir the Great ( 980 – 1015 ) and his son Yaroslav the Wise ( 1019 – 1054 ) constitute the Golden Age of Kiev, which saw the acceptance of Orthodox Christianity from Byzantium and the creation of the first East Slavic written legal code, the Russkaya Pravda.
Sharia continued to undergo fundamental changes, beginning with the reigns of caliphs Abu Bakr ( 632 – 34 ) and Umar ( 634 – 44 ), during which time many questions were brought to the attention of Muhammad's closest comrades for consultation.
However, it was during the later reigns of King Mongkut ( 1804 – 1868 ), and his son King Chulalongkorn ( 1853 – 1910 ), that Thailand established firm rapprochement with Western powers.
Thomas Cranmer ( 2 July 1489 – 21 March 1556 ) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and, for a short time, Mary I.
Abdur and Rahman
In the 19th century there was a province in Afghanistan named Turkestan Province until abolished by Abdur Rahman, and was centred on Mazari Sharif and included territory in the modern provinces of Balkh, Jowzjan, Faryab and Sar-e Pol.
Under the strong rule of Abdur Rahman these outlying territories were closely welded to Kabul ; but after the accession of Habibullah the bonds once more relaxed.
Abdur Rahman Khan () ( between 1830 to 1844 – October 1, 1901 ) was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901.
Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government after the disarray that followed the second Anglo-Afghan war.
Although his father, Afzal Khan, who had none of these qualities, came to terms with the Amir Sher Ali, the son's behavior in the northern province soon excited the Amir's suspicion, and Abdur Rahman, when he was summoned to Kabul, fled across the Oxus into Bukhara.
The Amir Sher Ali marched up against them from Kandahar ; but in the battle that ensued at Sheikhabad on May 10, he was deserted by a large body of his troops, and after his signal defeat Abdur Rahman released his father, Afzul Khan, from prison in Ghazni, and installed him upon the throne as Amir of Afghanistan.
Notwithstanding the new Amir's incapacity, and some jealousy between the real leaders, Abdur Rahman and his uncle, they again routed Sher Ali's forces, and occupied Kandahar in 1867.
When Afzal Khan died at the end of the year, Azam Khan became the new ruler, with Abdur Rahman as his governor in the northern province.
But towards the end of 1868 Sher Ali's return, and a general rising in his favour, resulted in Abdur Rahman and Azam Khan's defeat at Tinah Khan on January 3, 1869.
Both sought refuge in Persia, whence Abdur Rahman placed himself under Russian protection at Samarkand.
Abdur Rahman lived in exile in Tashkent, then part of Russian Turkestan, for eleven years, until the 1879 death of Sher Ali, who had retired from Kabul when the British armies entered Afghanistan.
The Russian governor-general at Tashkent sent for Abdur Rahman, and pressed him to try his fortunes once more across the Oxus.
In March 1880, a report reached India that Abdur Rahman was in northern Afghanistan ; and the governor-general, Lord Lytton, opened communications with him to the effect that the British government were prepared to withdraw their troops, and to recognize Abdur Rahman as Amir of Afghanistan, with the exception of Kandahar and some districts adjacent to it.
Griffin described Abdur Rahman as a man of middle height, with an exceedingly intelligent face and frank and courteous manners, shrewd and able in conversation on the business in hand.
At the durbar on July 22, 1880, Abdur Rahman was officially recognized as Amir, granted assistance in arms and money, and promised, in case of unprovoked foreign aggression, such further aid as might be necessary to repel it, provided that he align his foreign policy with the British.
From that time Abdur Rahman was fairly seated on the throne at Kabul, and in the course of the next few years he consolidated his dominion over all Afghanistan, suppressing insurrections by a sharp and relentless use of his despotic authority.
Abdur Rahman left on those who met him in India the impression of a clear-headed man of action, with great self-reliance and hardihood, not without indications of the implacable severity that too often marked his administration.
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