* Cleopatra III of Egypt ( 161 – 101 BC ), queen of Egypt

* Cleopatra Selene I ( c. 135 – 130 BC ), daughter of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII Physcon

* Berenice III of Egypt ( 120-80 BC ), queen of Egypt sometimes known as Cleopatra Berenice

** Cleopatra III, queen of Egypt from 142 BC ( d. 101 BC )

* Cleopatra Selene I, daughter of Ptolemy VIII Physcon and Cleopatra III of Egypt

* In the resulting peace, Antiochus III agrees to give his daughter Cleopatra in marriage to Ptolemy V.

* Cleopatra I Syra, daughter of Antiochus III and Laodice, marries the Egyptian King Ptolemy V Epiphanes.

The identity of Cleopatra's mother is unknown, but she is generally believed to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt, the sister or cousin and wife of Ptolemy XII, or possibly another Ptolemaic family member who was the daughter of Ptolemy X and Cleopatra Berenice III Philopator if Cleopatra V was not the daughter of Ptolemy X and Berenice III.

* June 26 – At the death of Ptolemy VIII Physcon, Cleopatra III has chosen her younger son Ptolemy X Alexander as co-regent, but the Alexandrians forced her to bring Ptolemy IX from Cyprus, of which he is governor.

* Cleopatra III, queen of Egypt from 142 BC ( d. 101 BC )

* Cleopatra III of Egypt was assassinated in 101 BC by order of her son, Ptolemy X, for her conspiring.

Cleopatra I was the daughter of Antiochus III the Great, King of the Seleucid Empire, and Queen Laodice III.

In response, Antiochus III indicated his willingness to make peace with Ptolemy V and to have his daughter Cleopatra I marry Ptolemy V. They were betrothed in 195 BC and their marriage took place in 193 BC in Raphia.

* Cleopatra III, born between 160 and 155 BC.

In 142 BC Ptolemy VIII took Cleopatra's younger daughter, his niece, Cleopatra III, as wife.

Cleopatra II led a rebellion against Ptolemy VIII in 131 BC, and drove him and Cleopatra III out of Egypt.

The final conflict was provoked by Antony, who is said to have been persuaded by his lover, the queen Cleopatra of Egypt, to retire to her land and give battle to mask his retreat ; but lack of provisions and the growing demoralization of his army would eventually account for this decision.

Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, while Antony's fleet was supported by the ships of Queen Cleopatra of Ptolemaic Egypt.

That occurred when Mark Antony, the other most influential member of the Triumvirate, abandoned his wife, Octavian's sister Octavia Minor, and moved to Egypt to start a long-term romance with Cleopatra, thus becoming de facto stepfather to Caesarion.

Octavian complained that Antony had no authority for being in Egypt ; that his execution of Sextus Pompeius was illegal ; that his treachery to the king of Armenia disgraced the Roman name ; that he had not sent half the proceeds of the spoils to Rome according to his agreement ; that his connection with Cleopatra and the acknowledgment of Caesarion as a legitimate son of Julius Caesar were a degradation of his office and a menace to himself.

Octavian ( Julius Caesar's 18-year old adopted son and heir ), and Cleopatra of Egypt ( Joseph M. Horodyski, Military Heritage, August 2005, Volume 7, No. 1, pp 58 to 63, and p. 78 ), ISSN 1524-8666.

# Alchemy in Greco-Roman Egypt 642 CE, the earliest Western alchemists such as Mary the Jewess, Cleopatra the Alchemist, and Zosimos of Panopolis described early laboratory equipment.

Cleopatra VII ( 69 – 30 BC ) was the last pharaoh of Egypt, famed lover of Mark Antony and Julius Caesar.

* Cleopatra I Syra ( c. 204 – 176 BC ), princess of the Seleucid Empire and by marriage, queen of Ptolemaic Egypt

* Cleopatra II of Egypt ( c. 185 – 116 BC ), queen ( and briefly sole ruler ) of Ptolemaic Egypt

* Cleopatra IV of Egypt ( c. 138 – 135 BC ), queen of Egypt

* Cleopatra V of Egypt, Egyptian Ptolemaic queen

* Cleopatra VI of Egypt, Egyptian Ptolemaic queen

* Cleopatra ( neighborhood ), in Alexandria, Egypt

Mark Antony supposedly gave Cleopatra over 200, 000 scrolls ( taken from the great Library of Pergamum ) for the library as a wedding gift, but this is regarded by some historians as a propagandist claim meant to show Antony's allegiance to Egypt rather than Rome.

As for Cleopatra, she was proclaimed Queen of Kings and Queen of Egypt, to rule with Caesarion ( Ptolemy XV Caesar, son of Cleopatra by Julius Caesar ), King of Kings and King of Egypt.

# Children with the Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt, the former lover of Julius Caesar:

Cleopatra and her entourage were in Rome when Caesar was assassinated on 15 March 44 BC.

At first Pyrrhus reigns with a kinsman, Neoptolemus II of Epirus ( who is a son of Cleopatra of Macedonia and a nephew of Alexander the Great ), but soon he has him assassinated.

He was assassinated in Tyre in 125 BC at the orders of his wife Cleopatra Thea.

* Cleopatra III of Egypt was assassinated in 101 BC by order of her son, Ptolemy X, for her conspiring.

After Philip II had been assassinated and Alexander the Great had become king ( October 336 BC ), Cleopatra Eurydice, her two children, and Attalus were all killed ( Cleopatra Eurydice may have died by her own hand after the murders of her children ).

After being brought back to Sardis, Cleopatra was assassinated in 308 BC, seemingly by order of Antigonus, who afterwards gave a beautiful funeral in her honour.

* 30 BC – Cleopatra VII Philopator, the last ruler of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty, commits suicide, allegedly by means of an asp bite.

Philip, however, declined the contest, and formed a second alliance with Alexander by giving him his daughter ( Alexander I's niece ) Cleopatra in marriage ( 336 BC ).

But, by the publication of Antony's will, which had been put into his hands by the traitor Plancus, and by carefully letting it be known at Rome what preparations were going on at Samos, and how entirely Antony was acting as the agent of Cleopatra, Octavian produced such a violent outburst of feeling that he easily obtained Antony's deposition from the consulship of 31, for which he had been designated, and a vote for a proclamation of war against Cleopatra, well understood to mean against Antony, though he was not named.

* Cleopatra ( 1912 film ), a silent film created in 1912 by Helen Gardner

* Cleopatra ( 1917 film ), an American film directed by J. Gordon Edwards

* Cleopatra ( 1934 film ), an American film directed by Cecil B. DeMille

* Cleopatra ( 1963 film ), a British-American-Swiss drama directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz

* Cleopatra ( 1999 film ), an American film produced by Hallmark Entertainment

* Cleopatra ( 2003 film ), an Argentine film directed by Eduardo Mignogna

* Cleopatra ( 1889 novel ), by H. Rider Haggard

* Cleopatra ( 1962 novel ), by Jeffrey K. Gardner

* La Cleopatra, a 1789 opera seria by Domenico Cimarosa

He also played a role in a tour of Antony and Cleopatra, produced by the actress Katharine Cornell in 1946.

In 47 BCE the lives of Julius Caesar and his protege Cleopatra were saved by 3, 000 crack Jewish troops sent by King Hyrcanus II and commanded by Antipater, whose descendants Caesar made kings of Judea.