* Conditional probability distribution

* Conditional probability

* Conditional probability

* Conditional probability distribution

* Conditional probability

* Conditional independence, a type of relation of random variables in probability theory.

* Conditional probability

* Conditional probability

* Conditional probability distribution

* Conditional probability

* Conditional probability

* Conditional probability

* Conditional probability

* Conditional distribution: Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y, the conditional probability distribution of Y given X ( written " Y | X ") is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value.

* Conditional probability is the probability of some event A, assuming event B.

Conditional probability is written P ( A | B ), and is read " the probability of A, given B ".

* Conditional event algebra

The most common reliability parameter is the mean time to failure ( MTTF ), which can also be specified as the failure rate ( this is expressed as a frequency or Conditional Probability Density Function ( PDF )) or the number of failures during a given period.

She was given a Conditional Discharge for her actions.

Conditional jumps are taken ( execution continues at another address ) or not ( execution continues at the next instruction ) depending on some condition.

Conditional jumps were missing, but since the 1990s it has been proved theoretically that Z3 was still a universal computer ( as always, ignoring physical storage limitations ).

* TPPCPPC, Third Person Plural Conditional Past Perfect Continuous-a complicated tense, which makes use of a lot of auxiliary verbs, that has become a standing joke since its inclusion in ' Third Person Plural Conditional Past Perfect Continuous Song Lyrics ', an idea that is sadly no more.

Boardman's 1961 filksong, " The Asteroid Light " ( to the tune of the sea chanty " Eddystone Light ") has been reprinted repeatedly, in venues ranging from science fiction anthologies ( the 1972 anthology Futures Conditional ) to Sing Out magazine ( V. 9, # 1, p. 24 ) to collections of protest music ( Glazer, Tom.

A better name for popular usage would be Conditional Complexity, as " it has been found to be more convenient to count conditions instead of predicates when calculating complexity ".

Conditional Access ModuleA conditional access module ( CAM ) is an electronic device, usually incorporating a slot for a smart card, which equips an Integrated Digital Television or set-top box with the appropriate hardware facility to view conditional access content that has been encrypted using a conditional access system.

The EN 50221 specification allows many types of module but only the Conditional Access Module ( CAM ) has found popularity because of the pay TV market.

In turn, the Rasch model for dichotomous data ( Rasch, 1960 / 1980 ) is identical to the BTL model after the person parameter of the Rasch model has been eliminated, as is achieved through statistical conditioning during the process of Conditional Maximum Likelihood estimation.

# The description of nature is essentially probabilistic, with the probability of an event related to the square of the amplitude of the wave function.

A cross section is the effective area which governs the probability of some scattering or absorption event.

In nuclear physics, it is convenient to express the probability of a particular event by a cross section.

Where an extractor requires that every event gets the same probability under the uniform distribution and the extracted distribution, only the latter is required for a disperser.

Although this is possible, such an event has a small probability of occurring, making it unlikely.

The relative frequency of occurrence of an event, observed in a number of repetitions of the experiment, is a measure of the probability of that event.

Thus, if is the total number of trials and is the number of trials where the event occurred, the probability of the event occurring will be approximated by the relative frequency as follows:

However, this is not correct, and is a manifestation of the gambler's fallacy ; the event of 5 heads in a row and the event of " first 4 heads, then a tails " are equally likely, each having probability.

Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman first proposed that the gambler's fallacy is a cognitive bias produced by a psychological heuristic called the representativeness heuristic, which states that people evaluate the probability of a certain event by assessing how similar it is to events they have experienced before, and how similar the events surrounding those two processes are.

In other words, the probability associated with each event is evenly distributed across N!

The higher the probability of an event, the more certain we are that the event will occur.

The most popular version of objective probability is frequentist probability, which claims that the probability of a random event denotes the relative frequency of occurrence of an experiment's outcome, when repeating the experiment.

In probability theory, an elementary event ( also called an atomic event or simple event ) is an event which contains only a single outcome in the sample space.

We shall find a formula for the probability of exactly X successes for given values of P and N.

If a defendant has been convicted and can prove that his lawyer did not adequately handle his case and that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the trial would have been different had the lawyer given competent representation, he is entitled to a new trial.

According to Richard Dawkins, a distinction between agnosticism and atheism is unwieldy and depends on how close to zero we are willing to rate the probability of existence for any given god-like entity.

On any given run of the algorithm, it has a probability of at most 1 / 3 that it will give the wrong answer.

In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function ( CDF ), or just distribution function, describes the probability that a real-valued random variable X with a given probability distribution will be found at a value less than or equal to x.

Classical physics draws a distinction between particles and energy, holding that only the latter exhibit waveform characteristics, whereas quantum mechanics is based on the observation that matter has both wave and particle aspects and postulates that the state of every subatomic particle can be described by a wavefunction — a mathematical expression used to calculate the probability that the particle, if measured, will be in a given location or state of motion.

Some definitions focus on the question of the probability of encountering a given condition of a system once characteristics of the system are specified.

The probability amplitude for a transition of a quantum system from the initial state to the final state is given by the matrix element

If is the set of all messages that could be, and is the probability of given some, then the entropy of is defined:

Mutual information can be expressed as the average Kullback – Leibler divergence ( information gain ) of the posterior probability distribution of X given the value of Y to the prior distribution on X:

In other words, this is a measure of how much, on the average, the probability distribution on X will change if we are given the value of Y.

Let be the conditional probability distribution function of Y given X.

The most complicated aspect of the insurance business is the actuarial science of ratemaking ( price-setting ) of policies, which uses statistics and probability to approximate the rate of future claims based on a given risk.

While the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test is usually used to test whether a given F ( x ) is the underlying probability distribution of F < sub > n </ sub >( x ), the procedure may be inverted to give confidence limits on F ( x ) itself.

The latest Russian census shows about 40, 000 still living in Russia, but sources indicate that given the probability of an undercount, Latvians in Russia probably number about 50, 000-60, 000.

Charlotte, another scientist, reads Bill's paper and writes a letter, saying that it is possible that Adam kept trying until he obtained 3 successes, in which case the probability of needing to conduct 12 or more experiments is given by

For a probability density function f ( x ) with the cumulative distribution function F ( x ), the Lorenz curve L ( F ( x )) is given by:

In B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behaviour ( 1957 ), he suggested that the successful use of a sign, such as a word or lexical unit, given a certain stimulus, reinforces its " momentary " or contextual probability.

Probability theory considers measures that assign to the whole set the size 1, and considers measurable subsets to be events whose probability is given by the measure.

Its form depends on the application: for example, in compression it could be related to the mutual information between and, whereas in statistical modeling, it could be related to the posterior probability of the model given the data.

More formally, the environment is modeled as a Markov decision process ( MDP ) with states and actions with the following probability distributions: the instantaneous cost distribution, the observation distribution and the transition, while a policy is defined as conditional distribution over actions given the observations.