# REDIRECT Nicolaus Copernicus

In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle, named after Nicolaus Copernicus, states that the Earth is not in a central, specially favored position.

* 1473 – Nicolaus Copernicus, mathematician and astronomer ( d. 1543 )

* 1543: Nicolaus Copernicus.

In 1543, astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus from Toruń ( Thorn ) published his work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and became the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.

File: Nikolaus Kopernikus. jpg | Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 )

Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus remembered for his development of the heliocentricism | heliocentric model of the Solar System

A great breakthrough in astronomy was made by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), who proposed in 1543 the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Galileo, however, felt that the descriptive content of the technical disciplines warranted philosophical interest, particularly because mathematical analysis of astronomical observations — notably the radical analysis offered by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus concerning the relative motions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and planets — indicated that philosophers ' statements about the nature of the universe could be shown to be in error.

Kepler's laws and his analysis of the observations on which they were based, the assertion that the Earth orbited the Sun, proof that the planets ' speeds varied, and use of elliptical orbits rather than circular orbits with epicycles — challenged the long-accepted geocentric models of Aristotle and Ptolemy, and generally supported the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus ( although Kepler's ellipses likewise did away with Copernicus's circular orbits and epicycles ).

Nicolaus Copernicus and Karol Wojtyła ( Pope John Paul II ) graduated from it.

# REDIRECT Nicolaus Copernicus

File: Nikolaus Kopernikus. jpg | Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473-1543 ): published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ) in 1543-often considered the starting point of modern astronomy-in which he argued that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun ( heliocentrism )

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System.

The concept emerged from the numerous great thinkers of that era who excelled in multiple fields of the arts and science, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Francis Bacon.

Later Nicolaus Copernicus would refer to this book as an influence on his own work.

Nicolaus Copernicus ' teacher, Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara, referred to Regiomontanus as having been his own teacher.

Many of these early polymaths were also religious priests and theologians: for example, Alhazen and al-Biruni were mutakallimiin ; the physician Avicenna was a hafiz ; the physician Ibn al-Nafis was a hafiz, muhaddith and ulema ; the botanist Otto Brunfels was a theologian and historian of Protestantism ; the astronomer and physician Nicolaus Copernicus was a priest.

Despite some challenges to religious views, however, many notable figures of the scientific revolution — including Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz — remained devout in their faith.

Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), Kepler ( 1571 – 1630 ), Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) and Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) all traced different ancient and medieval ancestries for the heliocentric system.

The geocentric model was nearly universally accepted until 1543 when Nicolaus Copernicus published his book entitled De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and was widely accepted into the next century.

* Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ) published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543, which advanced the heliocentric theory of cosmology.

The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.

In September 2004, Bydgoszcz Medical School joined Toruń's Nicolaus Copernicus University as its Collegium Medicum.

The founding of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in 1945 was significant.

On pages 190 and 191 of Owen Gingerich's monograph on Copernicus The Book Nobody Read, reference is made to an astronomical fresco in the main gallery of the Escorial Library, near Madrid, Spain, built 1567-84, which shows Dionysius the Areopagite observing an eclipse at the time of Christ's crucifixion.

Roughly a century before Copernicus, Christian scholar Nicholas of Cusa also proposed that the Earth rotates on its axis in his book, On Learned Ignorance ( 1440 ).

It is to Pope Paul III that Nicolaus Copernicus dedicated De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ).

Nicolaus Copernicus had firmly moved the Earth away from the center of the universe with the heliocentric theory for which he presented evidence in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres ) published in 1543.

# Nicolaus Copernicus – On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

On November 1, 1536, Archbishop of Capua Nikolaus von Schönberg wrote a letter to Copernicus from Rome encouraging him to publish a full version of his theory.

Early in the sixteenth century Nicolaus Copernicus drastically reformed the model of astronomy by displacing the Earth from its central place in favour of the Sun, yet he called his great work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ).

# Nicolaus Copernicus – On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

* Nicolaus Copernicus publishes " De revolutionibus orbium coelestium " ( On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ) in Nuremberg.

In 1543, Osiander oversaw the publication of the book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the revolution of the celestial spheres ) by Copernicus.

On 11 May 1830 he unveiled a new landmark before the Staszic Palace, the seat of the Society of Friends of Science in Warsaw — a monument to Nicolaus Copernicus sculpted by Bertel Thorvaldsen.

On April 12, 1931, the first public demonstration of the Foucault pendulum was held to visualize Copernicus ’ s theory.

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ).

It served as the cover illustration for Daniel J. Boorstin's The Discoverers ( 1983 ), a bestselling account of the history of science, for Richard Sorabji's Matter, Space & Motion: Theories in Antiquity and Their Sequel ( 1988 ), Stephan Hoeller's Gnosticism: New Light on the Ancient Tradition of Inner Knowing ( 2002 ), Gunther Stent's Paradoxes of Free Will ( 2002 ), and more recently for William T. Vollmann's Uncentering the Earth: Copernicus and On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ( 2006 ).

* Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ) in Nuremberg, offering entirely abstract mathematical arguments for the existence of the heliocentric universe.

On November 28, 2006, JSB released an animated video produced by Copernicus Studios for the single " Turnaround ", from the album Weight of the World.

On December 6, 2005 the airport was renamed after the famous astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus ( in Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik ).

* De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium-( On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres ), Nicolaus Copernicus began to write De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium in 1506 and finished it in 1530.

* Possible date-Nicolaus Copernicus begins to write De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (" On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres ").

In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published his treatise De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ), which presented a heliocentric model view of the universe.

Nicolaus Copernicus, in his On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ( 1543 ), demonstrated that the motion of the heavens can be explained without the Earth's being in the geometric center of the system.