Critical scholarship in the 19th century distinguished between the " biographical " approach of the synoptics and the " theological " approach of John, and began to disregard John as a historical source.

Radical geography and the links to Marxism and related theories remain an important part of contemporary human geography ( See: Antipode ( Journal )) Critical geography also saw the introduction of humanistic geography, associated with the work of Yi-Fu Tuan, which, though similar to behavioural geography, pushed for a much more qualitative approach in methodology.

* Critical discourse analysis, a sociopolitically oriented approach within Discourse Analysis

* Critical management studies, a left wing approach to management, business and organization

Given the book's fluid and changeable approach to plot and characters, a definitive, critically agreed-upon plot synopsis remains elusive ( see Critical response and themes: Difficulties of plot summary below ).

In response to the need for effective codes of hygiene in home and everyday life settings the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene has developed a risk-based approach ( based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ), which has come to be known as " targeted hygiene ".

The New Critical approach insists on the value of close reading and rejects extra-textual sources.

* Critical economic geography is approach from the point of view of contemporary critical geography and its philosophy.

According to Matsumoto Shiro and Hakamaya Noriaki, the idea of an ontological reality of the Buddha-nature is an un-Buddhist idea: Their " Critical Buddhism " approach rejects what it calls " dhatu-vada " ( substantialist Buddha nature doctrines )

Critical damping results in the fastest response ( approach to the final value ) possible without overshoot.

Critical regionalism is an approach to architecture that strives to counter placelessness and lack of identity in modern architecture by using the building's geographical context.

Critical regionalism is not regionalism in the sense of vernacular architecture, but is, on the contrary, an avant-gardist, modernist approach, but one that starts from the premises of local or regional architecture.

Critical discourse analysis ( CDA ) is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse that views language as a form of social practice and focuses on the ways social and political domination are reproduced in text and talk.

This close reading formed the foundation on which the New Critical movement was based and helped shape Brooks ’ approach to criticism ( Singh 1991 ).

Wordsworth himself wrote ahead to soften the thoughts of The Critical Review, hoping his friend Francis Wrangham would push for a softer approach.

The Critical project, that of exploring the limits and conditions of knowledge, had already produced the Critique of Pure Reason, in which Kant argued for a Transcendental Aesthetic, an approach to the problems of perception in which space and time are supposed not to be objects but ways in which the observing subject's mind organizes and structures the sensory world.

Convergence became an agenda item when the former US Office of Technology Assessment published its pioneering study Critical Connections ( OTA, 1990 ); later in the decade, the European Union adopted the same theme for its new approach to communication policy ( CEC, 1997 ).

Critical applied linguistics ( CALx ) is an interdisciplinary critical approach to English applied linguistics.

Critical Body Residue ( CBR ) – An approach that routinely examines whole-body chemical concentrations of an exposed organism that is associated with an adverse biological response.

The result of the hearings was the adoption by the Republican-dominated board of new science standards that relied upon the Discovery Institute's Critical Analysis of Evolution lesson plan employing the institute's Teach the Controversy approach, despite these having been rejected by the State Board Science Hearing Committee.

Critical approach became rigorous, critics like Geeta Kapur, Shivaji K. Panikkar, Ranjit Hoskote, amongst others, contributed to re-thinking contemporary art practice in India.

Critical Literacy is an instructional approach, stemming from Marxist Critical pedagogy, that advocates the adoption of " critical " perspectives toward text.

* Philip Gardner ed., A. E. Housman: The Critical Heritage, a collection of reviews and essays on Housman ’ s poetry ( London: Routledge 1992 )

Critical Essays on Benjamin Franklin ( 1987 )

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Esther.

" Probabilism: A Critical Essay on the Theory of Probability and on the Value of Science ," ( translation of 1931 article ) in Erkenntnis, volume 31, September 1989.

Critical Mass is an event typically held on the last Friday of every month in cities around the world where bicyclists take to the streets en masse.

Critical psychology is a perspective on psychology that draws extensively on critical theory.

Starting in the 1990s a new wave of books started to appear on critical psychology, the most influential being the edited book Critical Psychology by Dennis Fox and Isaac Prilleltensky.

For an overview of critical psychology in South Africa, see Desmond Painter and Martin Terre Blanche's article on Critical Psychology in South Africa: Looking back and looking forwards.

Critical psychology in the United States and Canada has, for the most part, focused on critiques of mainstream psychology's support for an unjust status quo.

( 2002 ) Critical Gestures: Writings on Dance and Culture.

* Critical design uses designed artifacts as an embodied critique or commentary on existing values, morals, and practices in a culture.

Elizabeth I and Her Age ( Norton Critical Editions ) ( 2009 ); 700pp ; primary and secondary sources, with an emphasis on literature

A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution ( 1989 ), 1120pp ; long essays by scholars ; conservative perspective ; stress on history of ideas excerpt and online search from Amazon. com

* Robertson, A. and A. Plumber, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the First Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians ( Edinburgh 1961 ).

Critical analysis of these Chinese texts reveals that certain chapters in the Book of Wei had been copied from the Bei-Xi by Song editors, including the chapter on the Xiongnu.

) See the 2006 Norton Critical Edition of The Confidence-Man for more detail on Melville and religion than in Parker's 2002 volume.

A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution ( 1989 ), 1120pp ; long essays by scholars ; conservative perspective ; stress on history of ideas excerpt and online search from Amazon. com

Critical Perspectives on the History and Philosophy of Copyright.

), Dada Culture: Critical Texts on the Avant-Garde, Rodopi, Amsterdam / New York 2006, 156 – 186.

" Critical of Wundt's emphasis on internal states, Watson insisted that psychology must focus on overt measureable behaviors.

In 1837 he issued the " Prodrome " of a monograph on the recent and fossil Echinodermata, the first part of which appeared in 1838 ; in 1839 – 40 he published two quarto volumes on the fossil Echinoderms of Switzerland ; and in 1840 – 45 he issued his Etudes critiques sur les mollusques fossiles (" Critical Studies on Fossil Mollusks ").