These include DNA cloning for sequencing, DNA-based phylogeny, or functional analysis of genes ; the diagnosis of hereditary diseases ; the identification of genetic fingerprints ( used in forensic sciences and paternity testing ); and the detection and diagnosis of infectious diseases.

A Southern blot is a method routinely used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.

Southern blotting combines transfer of electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization.

( 2008 ) citing Loureiro and Malfeito-Ferreira from 2006 when they affirmed that current molecular DNA detection techniques have uncovered no variance between the anamorph and teleomorph states.

Diagnosis is often made with detection of antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid against a specific viral agent ( such as herpes simplex virus ) or by polymerase chain reaction that amplifies the RNA or DNA of the virus responsible ( such as varicella zoster virus ).

* Advances in genomics, biotechnology, and biodetection, including major contributions to the complete sequencing of the human genome though the Joint Genome Institute and the development of rapid PCR ( polymerase chain reaction ) technology that lies at the heart of today ’ s most advanced DNA detection instruments.

The name Western blot was given to the technique by W. Neal Burnette and is a play on the name Southern blot, a technique for DNA detection developed earlier by Edwin Southern.

Other non-invasive urine based tests include the CertNDx Bladder Cancer Assay, which combines FGFR3 mutation detection with protein and DNA methylation markers to detect cancers across stage and grade, and the UroVysion test.

Over the years, several different Polymerase Chain Reaction ( PCR ) assays are made into use for the detection of Leishmania DNA.

In a January 2010 paper the extraction and detection of DNA along a complete industrial soybean oil processing chain was described to monitor the presence of Roundup Ready ( RR ) soybean: " The amplification of soybean lectin gene by end-point polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) was successfully achieved in all the steps of extraction and refining processes, until the fully refined soybean oil.

It is this alteration of DNA that leaves them vulnerable to detection, and as such all Spectrum personnel are subject to regular DNA checking.

In particular, microarray-comparative genomic hybridization ( CGH ) based on the use of BAC clones promises a sensitive strategy for the detection of DNA copy-number changes on a genome-wide scale.

In the separation and detection technique DNA and mRNA are isolated from their cells.

In separation and detection DNA and mRNA are isolated from cells ( the separation ) and then detected simply by the isolation.

* Southern blot, a method in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples

* DNA labeling and detection

* Ideal for the detection of short RNA and DNA targets

Customized dyes and taggants have been developed for a wide variety of applications including ; waste water tracking, biologic activity, part inspection, subsea pipeline leak detection, counterfeit detection, genetic tracing, disease and health studies, and DNA replication.

The DNA based PreGen-Plus was four times more sensitive than fecal blood testing, including detection of early stage disease, when treatment is most effective.

* High Resolution Melt, a technique for the detection of mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic differences in double stranded DNA samples

Ethidium bromide's fluorescence is greatly enhanced after it binds to DNA, so this compound is very useful in visualising the location of DNA fragments in agarose gel electrophoresis.

# The DNA is placed in test tubes containing caesium chloride ( heavy compound ) and centrifuged at 40, 000 revolutions per minute.

Deoxythymidine is non-toxic and as part of one of the four nucleotides in DNA it is a naturally occurring compound that exists in all living organisms and DNA viruses.

In biochemistry it involves adding a class-specific ( DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates ) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound.

Hoechst is a bis-benzimidazole derivative compound that binds to the minor groove of DNA.

The compound works by boosting production of telomerase, an enzyme that allows for the replacement of short bits of DNA, known as telomeres, that play a key role in cell replication, cancer and human aging.

Microarrays are not limited to DNA analysis ; protein microarrays, antibody microarray, chemical compound microarray can also be produced using biochips.

This compound has been shown to have unique biological properties, such as anti-oxidative effects, anti-microbial effects, anti-tumor promoting effects, inhibition of aflatoxin B2 DNA binding, and neurotrophic effects.

While a supramolecular assembly can be simply composed of two molecules ( e. g., a DNA double helix or an inclusion compound ), it is more often used to denote larger complexes of molecules that form sphere -, rod -, or sheet-like species.

It is suggested that Pauling failed to solve the double helix structure of DNA before Watson and Crick because he viewed uracil as an amide and not as the tautomeric hydroxy compound.

The other theory suggests that Pauling intended to use the compound as a potential spectroscopic label for binding to DNA.

Intercalated ethidium is in a hydrophobic environment when it is between the base pairs of the DNA, protected from quenching by water which is excluded from the local environment of the intercalated ethidium.

DNA may be visualized using ethidium bromide which, when intercalated into DNA, fluoresce under ultraviolet light, while protein may be visualised using silver stain or Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye.

The most common dye used to make DNA or RNA bands visible for agarose gel electrophoresis is ethidium bromide, usually abbreviated as EtBr.

The ethidium bromide fluoresces reddish-orange in the presence of DNA, since it has intercalated with the DNA.

The planar structure of chemicals such as ethidium bromide and proflavine allows them to insert between bases in DNA, and cause frameshift mutation.

If the DNA was resolved by gel electrophoresis, the DNA can be visualized either by silver staining ( low sensitivity, safe, inexpensive ), or an intercalating dye such as ethidium bromide ( fairly sensitive, moderate health risks, inexpensive ), or as most modern forensics labs use, fluorescent dyes ( highly sensitive, safe, expensive ).

The DNA fragments of different lengths are visualized using a fluorescent dye specific for DNA, such as ethidium bromide.

Consequently, ethidium bromide is often used as a marker for apoptosis in cells populations and to locate bands of DNA in gel electrophoresis.

In supercoiling assays, coiled DNA is separated in the first dimension and denatured by a DNA intercalator ( such as ethidium bromide or the less carcinogenic chloroquine ) in the second.

DNA can be quantified by cutting the DNA with a restriction enzyme, running it on an agarose gel, staining with ethidium bromide or a different stain and comparing the intensity of the DNA with a DNA marker of known concentration.

Rho-zero cells are cells which have been depleted of their own mitochondrial DNA by prolonged incubation with ethidium bromide, a chemical which inhibits mitochondrial DNA replication.

Intensively studied DNA intercalators include berberine, ethidium bromide, proflavine, daunomycin, doxorubicin, and thalidomide.

The degree of unwinding varies depending on the intercalator ; for example, ethidium cation ( the ionic form of ethidium bromide found in aqueous solution ) unwinds DNA by about 26 °, whereas proflavine unwinds it by about 17 °.