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El and Niño
The rainforest was also greatly destroyed from the forest fires of 1997 to 1998, which were started by the locals to clear the forests for crops and perpetuated by an exceptionally dry El Niño season during that period.
The economic crisis was aggravated in 1982 and 1983 by drastic climatic changes, bringing severe drought as well as flooding, precipitated by the appearance of the unusually warm ocean current known as " El Niño ".
The crisis was precipitated by a number of external shocks, including the El Niño weather phenomenon in 1997, a sharp drop in global oil prices in 1997-98, and international emerging market instability in 1997-98.
Coffee production was hit particularly hard ; 3 % of the harvest was lost in addition to 8. 2 % that was lost earlier in the year due to El Niño.
El Niño – Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ), or El Niño / La Niña – Southern Oscillation, is a quasiperiodic climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean roughly every five years.
The Southern Oscillation refers to variations in the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean ( warming and cooling known as El Niño and La Niña respectively ) and in air surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific.
The two variations are coupled: the warm oceanic phase, El Niño, accompanies high air surface pressure in the western Pacific, while the cold phase, La Niña, accompanies low air surface pressure in the western Pacific.
The extremes of this climate pattern's oscillations, El Niño and La Niña, cause extreme weather ( such as floods and droughts ) in many regions of the world.
In popular usage, the El Niño – Southern Oscillation is often called just " El Niño ".
El Niño is Spanish for " the little boy " and refers to the Christ child, because periodic warming in the Pacific near South America is usually noticed around Christmas.
El Niño is defined by prolonged differences in the Pacific ocean Sea surface temperatures when compared with the average value.
When this warming or cooling occurs for only seven to nine months, it is classified as El Niño / La Niña " conditions "; when it occurs for more than that period, it is classified as El Niño / La Niña " episodes ".
The first signs of an El Niño are:
When El Niño conditions last for many months, extensive ocean warming and the reduction in Easterly Trade winds limits upwelling of cold nutrient-rich deep water and its economic impact to local fishing for an international market can be serious.
Although its causes are still being investigated, El Niño events begin when trade winds, part of the Walker circulation, falter for many months.
The weakening of the winds can also create twin cyclones, another sign of a future El Niño.

El and La
While not a direct cause of El Niño, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, or MJO, propagates rainfall anomalies eastward around the global tropics in a cycle of 30 – 60 days, and may influence the speed of development and intensity of El Niño and La Niña in several ways.
The name La Niña originates from Spanish, meaning " the girl ", analogous to El Niño meaning " the boy ".
La Niña causes mostly the opposite effects of El Niño.
During the last several decades the number of El Niño events increased, and the number of La Niña events decreased, although we may need to observe ENSO for much longer to detect robust changes The question is whether this is a random fluctuation or a normal instance of variation for that phenomenon or the result of global climate changes toward global warming.
Scientists at the Earth Institute of Columbia University have analyzed data from 1950 to 2004 and suggest that ENSO may have had a role in 21 % of all civil conflicts since 1950, with the risk of annual civil conflict doubling from 3 % to 6 % in countries affected by ENSO during El Niño years relative to La Niña years.
* National Academy of Sciences El Niño / La Niña article
* Latest El Niño / La Niña Data from NASA
* Economic Costs of El Niño / La Niña and Economic Benefits from Improved Forecasting from " NOAA Socioeconomics " website initiative
la: Agitatio Australis El Niño / La Niña
This should be contrasted with the laurisilva forests on the islands of El Hierro, La Gomera and La Palma which are exposed to the Gulf Stream
Twelve wrestling schools participate in this, based in Antigua, Costa Calma, El Matorral, La Lajita, Lajares, Las Playitas, Morro Jable, Puerto del Rosario, Tefía, Tetir, Unión Sur and Villaverde.
By 2500 BC, small settlements were developing in Guatemala ’ s Pacific lowlands in such places as Tilapa, La Blanca, Ocós, El Mesak, and Ujuxte, where the oldest pieces of ceramic pottery from Guatemala has been found.
Until recently, the Preclassic was regarded as a formative period, consisting of small villages of farmers who lived in huts and few permanent buildings, but this notion has been challenged by recent discoveries of monumental architecture from that period, such as an altar in La Blanca, San Marcos, from 1000 BC ; ceremonial sites at Miraflores and El Naranjo from 801 BC ; the earliest monumental masks ; and the Mirador Basin cities of Nakbé, Xulnal, El Tintal, Wakná and El Mirador.

El and Niña
Some evidence does suggest that the Southern Oscillation is weakly correlated with changes in tornado activity, which vary by season and region, as well as whether the ENSO phase is that of El Niño or La Niña.
Research, conducted in OAR laboratories and by extramural programs, focuses on enhancing our understanding of environmental phenomena such as tornadoes, hurricanes, climate variability, solar flares, changes in the ozone, air pollution transport and dispersion, El Niño / La Niña events, fisheries productivity, ocean currents, deep sea thermal vents, and coastal ecosystem health.
La Niña is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the counterpart of El Niño as part of the broader El Niño – Southern Oscillation climate pattern.
The name La Niña originates from Spanish, meaning " the girl ," analogous to El Niño meaning " the boy.

El and from
Fosdick had found the installations surrounded by a battery of saloons and houses of prostitution, with filles de joie from all over the country flocking to San Antonio, Laredo, and El Paso to `` woman the cribs ''.
In the late 2nd century CE floor mosaic from El Djem, Roman Thysdrus, he is identifiable as Apollo Helios by his effulgent halo, though now even a god's divine nakedness is concealed by his cloak, a mark of increasing conventions of modesty in the later Empire.
Arau appeared in the 1972 Mexican film El rincón de las vírgenes (" The Virgins ' Corner "), where he played the assistant of a fake mystical doctor traveling from town to town, who reminisce about their travels, when a group of women decide to propose the doctor for sainthood.
In Mexico, exiled Republican intellectuals extended the Annales approach, particularly from the Center for Historical Studies of El Colegio de México, the leading graduate studies institution of Latin America.
Alfonso XII ( born Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo ) ( Madrid, 28 November 1857 – El Pardo, 25 November 1885 ) was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885, after a coup d ' état restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic.
Also, the old airfield at Rabasa was closed and air traffic moved to the new El Altet Airport, which made a more convenient and modern facility for charter flights bringing tourists from northern European countries.
Carl Boenish was the real catalyst behind modern BASE jumping, and in 1978, he filmed the first BASE jumps to be made using ram-air parachutes and the freefall tracking technique ( from El Capitan, in Yosemite National Park ).
Costa Rica also hosted several rounds of negotiations between the Salvadoran Government and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front ( FMLN ), aiding El Salvador's efforts to emerge from civil war and culminating in that country's 1994 free and fair elections.
For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared U. S. currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 – 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States.
He later served in the Mesopotamian Campaign in Iraq, where he was badly wounded at El Hannah after being hit in the leg by shrapnel from an exploding shell while taking enemy trenches.
Many other rockabilly bands like El Rio Trio ( from the Netherlands ) also use this instrument in their work.
At least 525, 000 people — more than 12 % of El Salvador's population at the time and perhaps 25 % of the rural poor — benefited from agrarian reform, and more than 22 % of El Salvador's total farmland was transferred to those who previously worked the land but did not own it.
El Salvador was part of the Multi-National Force – Iraq from 2003 — 2009.
The military's new doctrine, professionalism, and complete withdrawal from political and economic affairs leave it one of the most respected institutions in El Salvador.
In July 1969, El Salvador and Honduras fought the 100-hour Football War over disputed border areas and friction resulting from the 300, 000 Salvadorans who had emigrated to Honduras in search of land and employment.
Exiled from the court of the Spanish Emperor Alfonso VI of León and Castile, El Cid went on to command a Moorish force consisting of Muladis, Berbers, Arabs and Malians, under Yusuf al-Mu ' taman ibn Hud, Moorish king of the northeast Al-Andalus city of Zaragoza, and his successor, Al-Mustein II.
The name El Cid () comes from the article el ( which means " the " in both Spanish and Arabic ), and the dialectal Arabic word سيد sîdi or sayyid, which means " Lord " or " The Master ".
This is the generally given reason for El Cid's exile, although several others are plausible and may have been contributing factors: jealous nobles turning Alfonso against El Cid, Alfonso's own animosity towards El Cid, and an accusation of pocketing some of the tribute from Seville.
Andalusian Knights found El Cid their foe ill, thirsty and exiled from the court of Alfonso, he was presented before the elderly Yusuf al-Mu ' taman ibn Hud and accepted command of the forces of the Taifa of Zaragoza as their Master.
El Cid accepted or included suggestions from his troops.
Pedro's coming-of-age gift to El Cid was his pick of a horse from an Andalusian herd.

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