Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J.

Electroluminescence ( EL ) is an optical phenomenon and electrical phenomenon in which a material emits light in response to the passage of an electric current or to a strong electric field.

Electroluminescence is the result of radiative recombination of electrons and holes in a material, usually a semiconductor.

Electroluminescence can be exploited in light sources.

* Electroluminescence, a result of an electric current passed through a substance

Electroluminescence from polymer films was first observed by Roger Partridge at the National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom.

In 1977, Lohja started manufacturing Electroluminescence ( EL ) displays after purchasing the development project, headed by Dr. Tuomo Suntola.

An additional line of reasoning in support of particle theory ( and by extension atomic theory ) began in 1827 when botanist Robert Brown used a microscope to look at dust grains floating in water and discovered that they moved about erratically — a phenomenon that became known as " Brownian motion ".

Bra-ket notation is widespread in quantum mechanics: almost every phenomenon that is explained using quantum mechanics — including a large portion of modern physics — is usually explained with the help of bra-ket notation.

The genesis of chemistry can be traced to the widely observed phenomenon of burning that led to metallurgy — the art and science of processing ores to get metals ( e. g. metallurgy in ancient India ).

Nonetheless, Clausewitz conceived of war as a political, social, and military phenomenon which might — depending on circumstances — involve the entire population of a nation at war.

The Cathars were largely a homegrown, Western European / Latin Christian phenomenon, springing up in the Rhineland cities ( particularly Cologne ) in the mid-12th century, northern France around the same time, and particularly southern France — the Languedoc — and the northern Italian cities in the mid-late 12th century.

But follow-up studies have ( depending on who was summarizing the results ) failed to replicate the phenomenon or produced mixed results ( Bem & others, 2001 ; Milton & Wiseman, 2002 ; Storm, 2000, 2003 ). One skeptic, magician James Randi, has a longstanding offer — now U. S. $ 1 million —“ to anyone who proves a genuine psychic power under proper observing conditions ” ( Randi, 1999 ).

The masking threshold is calculated using the absolute threshold of hearing and the principles of simultaneous masking — the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by frequency, and, in some cases, temporal masking — where a signal is masked by another signal separated by time.

The Dilbert phenomenon accepts — and perversely eggs on — many negative aspects of corporate existence as unchangeable facets of human nature ... As Xerox managers grasped, Dilbert speaks to some very real work experiences while simultaneously eroding inclinations to fight for better working conditions.

The position of emperor is a territory-independent phenomenon — the emperor is the emperor, even if he has followers only in one province ( as was the case sometimes with the southern and northern courts ).

Following the folk revivals of the second half of the 20th century, however, it has become common for less formal situations to find large groups of fiddlers playing together — see for example the Calgary Fiddlers, and Swedish Spelmanslag folk-musician clubs, and the worldwide phenomenon of Irish sessions.

Alain Silver, the most widely published American critic specializing in film noir studies, refers to film noir as a " cycle " and a " phenomenon ", even as he argues that it has — like certain genres — a consistent set of visual and thematic codes.

In his work Foundations of Natural Right ( 1796 ), Fichte argued that self-consciousness was a social phenomenon — an important step and perhaps the first clear step taken in this direction by modern philosophy.

According to Nichiren's account, an astronomical phenomenon — " a brilliant orb as bright as the moon " — over the seaside Tatsunokuchi execution grounds terrified Nichiren's executioners into inaction.

Special relativity reveals that c is not just the velocity of a certain phenomenon — namely the propagation of electromagnetic radiation ( light )— but rather a fundamental feature of the way space and time are unified as spacetime.

On the one hand it refers to the phenomenon of being saved by divine agency — such as is the case in Christianity, Judaism and Islam.

Thomas Middleton's A Game at Chess ran for nine straight performances in August 1624 before it was closed by the authorities — but this was due to the political content of the play and was a unique, unprecedented, and unrepeatable phenomenon.

* — Halifax academic Laura Penny's study of the phenomenon of bullshit and its impact on modern society.

The catastrophic vibrations that destroyed the bridge were not due to simple mechanical resonance, but to a more complicated interaction between the bridge and the winds passing through it — a phenomenon known as aeroelastic flutter.

Thomas enjoyed considerable status in Kentucky — where he sat on juries, appraised estates, served on country slave patrols, and guarded prisoners.

German words with umlaut would further be alphabetized as if there were no umlaut at all — contrary to Turkish which allegedly adopted the German graphemes ö and ü, and where a word like tüfek, " gun ", would come after tuz, " salt ", in the dictionary.

Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts ; however, like the decorative arts, it creates objects where the practical considerations of use are essential — in a way that they are usually not for a painting, for example.

Ambrose's body may still be viewed in the church of S. Ambrogio in Milan, where it has been continuously venerated — along with the bodies identified in his time as being those of Sts.

In order to get dry after a swim, the Dodo proposes that everyone run a Caucus race — where the participants run in patterns of any shape, starting and leaving off whenever they like, so that everyone wins.

The first known mention of the city of Akkad is in an inscription of Enshakushanna of Uruk, where he claims to have defeated Agade — indicating that it was in existence well before the days of Sargon of Akkad, whom the Sumerian King List claims to have built it.

This matte contains the coverage information — the shape of the geometry being drawn — making it possible to distinguish between parts of the image where the geometry was actually drawn and other parts of the image which are empty.

Paul travels to Jerusalem where he meets with the apostles — a meeting known as the Council of Jerusalem ().

* Descending aorta — the section from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries

While Judah I was still living, Rav, having been duly ordained as teacher — though not without certain restrictions ( Sanhedrin 5a )— returned to Babylonia, where he at once began a career that was destined to mark an epoch in the development of Babylonian Judaism.

Kirk for going into the domain of the Unseelie court, where he had been warned not to go, and decided to imprison him in Doon Hill — for one night in May 1692, the Rev.

Hysterium, desperate to keep him out of the house where his master is bathing, tells the old man that his house has become haunted — a story seemingly confirmed by the sound of Senex singing in his bath.

While some argued for the seat of government to move to Berlin, others advocated leaving it in Bonn — a situation roughly analogous to that of the Netherlands, where Amsterdam is the capital but The Hague is the seat of government.

* CG — Complete game: number of games where player was the only pitcher for his team

* FPOM — First Pitch Outs Made: Number of outs earned where the batter ground or flies out on the first pitch.

* GF — Games finished: number of games pitched where player was the final pitcher for his team as a relief pitcher

* GS — Starts: number of games pitched where player was the first pitcher for his team

* L — Loss: number of games where pitcher was pitching while the opposing team took the lead, never lost the lead, and went on to win

* SV — Save: number of games where the pitcher enters a game led by the pitcher's team, finishes the game without surrendering the lead, is not the winning pitcher, and either ( a ) the lead was three runs or fewer when the pitcher entered the game ; ( b ) the potential tying run was on base, at bat, or on deck ; or ( c ) the pitcher pitched three or more innings

* W — Win: number of games where pitcher was pitching while his team took the lead and went on to win, also the starter needs to pitch at least 5 innings of work ( also related: winning percentage )

* A — Assists: number of outs recorded on a play where a fielder touched the ball, except if such touching is the putout

* G — Games played: number of games where the player played, in whole or in part

Nineveh — where Jonah preached — was the capital of the ancient Assyrian empire, which fell to the Medes in 612 BC.