Domitian (; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96 ) was Roman Emperor from 81 to 96.

The following day Domitian was declared Emperor by the Praetorian Guard, commencing a reign which lasted fifteen years – longer than any man who had ruled since Tiberius.

As Emperor, Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage, expanded the border defenses of the Empire, and initiated a massive building program to restore the damaged city of Rome.

Brian Jones concludes in The Emperor Domitian that assessing the true nature of Domitian's personality is inherently complicated by the bias of the surviving sources.

Shortly following his accession as Emperor, Domitian bestowed the honorific title of Augusta upon Domitia, while their son was deified, appearing as such on the reverse of coin types from this period.

As Emperor, Domitian quickly dispensed with the republican facade his father and brother had maintained during their reign.

Although the Senate's power had been in decline since the fall of the Republic, under Domitian the seat of power was no longer even in Rome, but rather wherever the Emperor was.

Once Emperor, Domitian immediately sought to attain his long delayed military glory.

Jones compares the executions of Domitian to those under Emperor Claudius ( 41 – 55 ), noting that Claudius executed around 35 senators and 300 equestrians, and yet was still deified by the Senate and regarded as one of the good Emperors of history.

Domitian and Stephanus wrestled on the ground for some time, until the Emperor was finally overpowered and fatally stabbed by the conspirators.

Upon the death of Domitian, Nerva was proclaimed Emperor by the Roman Senate | Senate.

The Senate nonetheless rejoiced at the death of Domitian, and immediately following Nerva's accession as Emperor, passed damnatio memoriae on his memory: his coins and statues were melted, his arches were torn down and his name was erased from all public records.

Domitian as Emperor ( Vatican Museums ), possibly recut from a statue of Nero.

The most extensive account of the life of Domitian to survive was written by the historian Suetonius, who was born during the reign of Vespasian, and published his works under Emperor Hadrian ( 117 – 138 ).

Although Tacitus is usually considered to be the most reliable author of this era, his views on Domitian are complicated by the fact that his father-in-law, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, may have been a personal enemy of the Emperor.

The most important of these was The Emperor Domitian, by Brian W. Jones.

About 93 AD Emperor Domitian banished all philosophers from the city, and Epictetus travelled to Nicopolis in Epirus, Greece, where he founded a philosophical school.

He also led a campaign into Scotland, but from these conquests he was recalled by the Emperor Domitian, and the border gradually solidified along the line of the Stanegate in Northern England.

Another contemporary chronicler, Procopius, compares Justinian's appearance to that of tyrannical Emperor Domitian, although this is probably slander.

The next work by Josephus is his twenty-one volume Antiquities of the Jews, completed during the last year of the reign of the Emperor Flavius Domitian ( between 1. 9. 93 and 14. 3. 94, cf.

The Tridentine Calendar also had on 6 May a feast of " St John before the Latin Gate ", associated with a tradition recounted by Saint Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.

They have, by the help of Divine Providence, overcome all obstacles, and have made themselves free ... I know not by what misfortune, we are fallen into the error of those, who poised the Emperor Titus to make room for Domitian, who made away Augustus that they might have Tiberius, and changed Claudius for Nero ... whereas the people of England are now renowned, all over the world, for their great virtue and discipline ; and yet suffer an idiot, without courage, without sense, nay, without ambition, to have dominion in a country of liberty.

Writing during the reign of the Emperor Domitian ( AD 81 – 96 ), the Roman poet Martial expressed his admiration for Otho's choice to spare the Empire from civil war through sacrificing himself:

The Catholic Encyclopedia has noted that Revelation was " written during the latter part of the reign of the Roman Emperor Domitian, probably in A. D. 95 or 96 ".

In 87 AD Emperor Domitian sent six legions into Dacia, which were defeated at Tapae.

* Emperor Justin I rebuilds the city of Anazarbus ( modern Turkey ) and renames it " Justinopolis ".

* Emperor Septimius Severus rebuilds Byzantium.

As revealed in the episodes " Bad Wolf " and " The Parting of the Ways ", the Emperor Dalek's ship survives and over the course of centuries the Emperor rebuilds the Dalek race using genetic material secretly culled from the human race, establishing itself as the god of the Daleks.

The controversy over the succession to the inheritance of the Countess had been left unsettled by an agreement of 1177, and the Emperor proposed in 1182 that the Curia should renounce its claim, receiving in exchange two-tenths of the imperial income from Italy, one-tenth for the Pope and the other tenth for the cardinals.

In pursuance of his anti-imperial policy, Lucius declined in 1185 to crown Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI as Frederick I's destined successor, and the breach between the Empire and the Curia became wider on questions of Italian politics.

His men, however, convinced Eugenius to use public money to fund ' Pagan ' projects, such as the rededication of the Temple of Venus and Rome and the restoration of the Altar of Victory within the Curia ( removed by Emperor Gratian ).

This structure was in turn replaced by the Curia Julia started by Julius Caesar and finished by Emperor Augustus.

* The Emperor Tacitus is acclaimed by the Senate, meeting in the ' Curia Pompiliana ' ( no such building ) and after orations by the consul ' Velius Cornificius Gordianus ' ( no such person ) and ' Maecius Faltonius Nicomachus ' ( ditto: most of the ' Maecii ' in the HA are invented ), he goes to the Campus Martius and is presented to the troops by the Prefect of the City ' Aelius Cesettianus ' ( no such person ) and the Praetorian Prefect ' Moesius Gallicanus ' ( ditto: the HA has several invented ' Gallicani ').

In 382, the Emperor Gratian, a Christian, ordered the Altar of Victory removed from the Curia, the Roman Senate house in the Forum, and curtailed the sums annually allowed for the maintenance of the Vestal Virgins, and for the public celebration of sacred rites.

Thus, in turn for the Order's service, Grand Master Hermann von Salza wanted to have its rights documented beforehand, by a deal with Konrad that was to be confirmed by the Holy Roman Emperor and the Roman Curia.

Nevertheless, he found favor at the papal court, and in 1116, when Emperor Henry V ( 1105 – 25 ) invaded Italy during the ongoing confrontations over the Emperor's rights of investiture of clerics, Paschal II sent Mauritius on an embassy to him, while the Pope and the Curia fled south to Benevento.

Despite an intervention by Emperor Louis IV, in 1339 the Roman Curia sentenced the Order to surrender all estates claimed by Poland, a judgement that however was not approved by the Pope.

She had three elder brothers, Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar and the future Emperor Caligula, and two younger sisters, Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla.

The father of Julia the Elder was the Emperor Augustus, and Julia was his only natural child from his second marriage to Scribonia, who had close blood relations with Pompey the Great and Lucius Cornelius Sulla.

His mother Julia Avita Mamaea was the second daughter of Julia Maesa and Syrian noble Julius Avitus and maternal aunt of Emperor Elagabalus.

The couple had six children: Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar, the Emperor Caligula, the Empress Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, and Julia Livilla.

Despite the act of incest being unacceptable within the Roman Empire, Roman Emperor Caligula is rumored to have had sexual relationships with all three of his sisters ( Julia Livilla, Drusilla, and Agrippina the Younger ).

* 222 – Emperor Elagabalus is assassinated, along with his mother, Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard during a revolt.

* 235 – Emperor Alexander Severus and his mother Julia Mamaea are murdered by legionaries near Moguntiacum ( modern Mainz ).

* 39 BC – Julia the Elder, the only child the Roman Emperor Augustus ( d. AD 14 )

Seeing that her grandson's outrageous behavior could mean the loss of power, Julia Maesa persuaded Elagabalus to accept his cousin Alexander Severus as Caesar ( and thus the nominal Emperor to be ).

Born Marcus Julius Gessius Bassianus Alexianus, Alexander was adopted as heir apparent by his slightly older and very unpopular cousin, the Emperor Elagabalus at the urging of the influential and powerful Julia Maesa — who was grandmother of both cousins and who'd arranged for the emperor's acclamation by the Third Legion.

* Julia the Elder, daughter of Roman Emperor Augustus

* Julia Drusilla, daughter of current Roman Emperor Caligula

* September 13 – Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus, lover of his brother Domitian

* Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus, lover of his brother Domitian ( by forced abortion )

* March 18 – Emperor Alexander Severus and his mother Julia Mamaea are murdered by legionaries near Moguntiacum ( modern Mainz ), Legio XXII Primigenia mutinied.

* Emperor Alexander Severus and his mother Julia Mamaea move to Moguntiacum ( modern Mainz ), the capital of Germania Superior.

* Agrippina the Elder or Julia Vipsania Agrippina ( 14 BC – 33 ), daughter of Julia the Elder, wife of Germanicus and mother of Emperor Caligula

* Emperor Alexander Severus accompanied his mother Julia Mamaea to Syria and campaigns against the Persians.

Alexandra of Denmark ( Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia ; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925 ) was the wife and queen-empress consort of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Emperor of India.