In 1911, Ernest Rutherford gave a model of the atom in which a central core held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge which, in units of the electron's charge, was to be approximately equal to half of the atom's atomic weight, expressed in numbers of hydrogen atoms.

In 1909, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, under the direction of physicist Ernest Rutherford, bombarded a sheet of gold foil with alpha rays — by then known to be positively charged helium atoms — and discovered that a small percentage of these particles were deflected through much larger angles than was predicted using Thomson's proposal.

In 1909 Ernest Rutherford discovered that the positive half of atoms was tightly condensed into a nucleus,

Alpha particles were first described in the investigations of radioactivity by Ernest Rutherford in 1899, and by 1907 they were identified as He < sup > 2 +</ sup > ions.

* 1871 – Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand-English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1937 )

The 1904 Thomson model was disproved by the 1909 gold foil experiment, which was interpreted by Ernest Rutherford in 1911

Ernest Rutherford demonstrated that rays could pass through thin metal foils, behavior expected of a particle.

Alpha rays ( alpha particles ) and beta rays ( beta particles ) were differentiated by Ernest Rutherford in 1899 through simple experimentation in 1899, but these proved not to be electromagnetic radiation, but rather charged particulate radiation.

Frederick Soddy ( 2 September 1877 – 22 September 1956 ) was an English radiochemist and monetary economist who explained, with Ernest Rutherford, that radioactivity is due to the transmutation of elements, now known to involve nuclear reactions.

In 1900 he became a demonstrator in chemistry at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, where he worked with Ernest Rutherford on radioactivity.

In 1908 Hans Geiger, under the supervision of Ernest Rutherford at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ), developed an experimental technique for detecting alpha particles that would later be used in the Geiger-muller tube.

In 1907, Ernest Rutherford and Thomas Royds demonstrated that alpha particles are helium nuclei by allowing the particles to penetrate the thin glass wall of an evacuated tube, then creating a discharge in the tube to study the spectra of the new gas inside.

Immediately after graduation from Oxford in 1910, Moseley became a demonstrator in physics at the University of Manchester under the supervision of Sir Ernest Rutherford.

Furthermore, as noted by Bohr, Moseley's law provided a reasonably complete experimental set of data that supported the ( new from 1911 ) conception by Ernest Rutherford and Antonius Van den Broek of the atom, with a positively-charged nucleus surrounded by negatively-charged electrons in which the atomic number is understood to be the exact physical number of positive charges ( later discovered and called protons ) in the central atomic nuclei of the elements.

In 1907 Ernest Rutherford published " Radiation of the α Particle from Radium in passing through Matter.

Building upon the nuclear transmutation experiments by Ernest Rutherford, carried out several years earlier, the laboratory fusion of heavy hydrogen isotopes was first accomplished by Mark Oliphant in 1932.

File: Ernest Rutherford 1908. jpg | Ernest Rutherford ( 1871-1937 ): considered " Father of Nuclear Physics ", showed how the atomic nucleus has a positive charge, first to change one element into another by an artificial nuclear reaction, differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation, awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1908

This symbol for the photon probably derives from gamma rays, which were discovered in 1900 by Paul Villard, named by Ernest Rutherford in 1903, and shown to be a form of electromagnetic radiation in 1914 by Rutherford and Edward Andrade.

Alpha rays ( alpha particles ) and beta rays ( beta particles ) were differentiated by Ernest Rutherford through simple experimentation in 1899.

Rutherfordium ( ) is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford.

As Ernest Best explains the problem,

Algernon, however, refuses his consent until Ernest explains why his cigarette case bears the inscription, “ From little Cecily, with her fondest love to her dear Uncle Jack .” John-Ernest is forced to admit to living a double life.

* 1911 Ernest Rutherford explains the Geiger-Marsden experiment by invoking a nuclear atom model and derives the Rutherford cross section

He explains that if the Kamba had joined the rebellion, Ernest and Mary Hemingway " would have then stood a good chance of being hacked to death in their beds as they slept by the very servants they so trusted and thought they understood.

Baldo quickly explains Ernest G. Bormann ’ s idea of fantasy-themed criticism to include “ first, that a person ’ s reality is created by communication and language, and second, that this communication can create a “ shared reality ” among many participants … allows them to see themselves as heroes or villains and their actions as just or unjust ” ( Foss qtd.

In 1907 he began work with Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester and in 1909, along with Ernest Marsden, conducted the famous Geiger-Marsden experiment called the " gold foil experiment ".

In 1902 William Bayliss and Ernest Starling performed an experiment in which they observed that acid instilled into the duodenum caused the pancreas to begin secretion, even after they had removed all nervous connections between the two.

The key experiment behind this announcement happened in 1910 at the University of Manchester, as Ernest Rutherford's team performed a remarkable experiment in which Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden under his supervision fired alpha particles ( helium nuclei ) at a thin film of gold foil.

The initial discovery was made by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909 when they performed the gold foil experiment under the direction of Rutherford, in which they fired a beam of alpha particles ( helium nuclei ) at layers of gold leaf only a few atoms thick.

Pyotr Lebedev was first to successfully demonstrate light pressure, which he did in 1899 with a torsional balance ; Ernest Nichols and Gordon Hull conducted a similar independent experiment in 1901 using a Nichols radiometer.

Subsequent speculation about the structure of atoms was severely constrained by Ernest Rutherford's 1907 gold foil experiment, showing that the atom is mainly empty space, with almost all its mass concentrated in a ( relatively ) tiny atomic nucleus.

The Geiger – Marsden experiment ( also called the Gold foil experiment or the Rutherford experiment ) was an experiment to probe the structure of the atom performed by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909, under the direction of Ernest Rutherford at the Physical Laboratories of the University of Manchester.

The plum pudding model was the prevailing theory on the structure of the atom until it was disproved by Ernest Rutherford in his analysis of the gold foil experiment, published in 1911.

The gold foil experiment was conducted under the supervision of Rutherford at the University of Manchester in 1909 by scientist Hans Geiger and undergraduate student Ernest Marsden.

In 1875, British explorer Ernest Giles became the first European to cross the desert.

Burberry clothing of gabardine was worn by polar explorers including Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole, in 1911, and Ernest Shackleton, who led a 1914 expedition to cross Antarctica.

In 1908, while not making the pole, Ernest Shackleton's party was the first to cross the mountains, using the Beardmore Glacier.

Roosevelt, under the advisement of General George Catlett Marshall, US Army Chief of Staff, and Admiral Ernest King, Chief of Naval Operations, lobbied for a cross channel invasion of Europe.

In 1911 they became the outfitters for Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole, and Ernest Shackleton, who led a 1914 expedition to cross Antarctica.

Ernest Shackleton became the first to cross parts of this plateau in 1909 during his Nimrod Expedition, which turned back in bad weather when it had reached a point just 97 nautical miles from the South Pole.

Alfred Gibson ( died 1874 ) was an Australian explorer who died in an 1874 expedition organised by Ernest Giles which sought to cross the deserts of Western Australia from east to west.