Section 1 ( 4 ) applies in relation to proceedings before a relevant convention court under the European Patent Convention as it applies to a judicial proceeding in a tribunal of a foreign state.

* October 21 – The European Patent Institute is founded.

Whether a patent application relates to an invention is governed by Article 52 of the European Patent Convention, that excludes e. g. discoveries as such and software as such.

In 1995, the European Patent Office ( EPO ) granted a patent on an anti-fungal product derived from neem to the US Department of Agriculture and W. R. Grace and Company.

Letter-bombs, along with anti-personnel mines, are typical examples of subject-matter excluded from patentability under the European Patent Convention, because the publication or exploitation of such inventions are contrary to the " ordre public "

Patent applications were filed in European countries ( priority: Switzerland ), the United States, and Japan, and the patents transferred to Daimler-Benz.

* European Patent Agency, now European Patent Office

* European Patent Attorney, a legal specialization for Representation before the European Patent Office

In Europe, " computer programs as such " are excluded from patentability and European Patent Office policy is consequently that a program for a computer is not patentable if it does not have the potential to cause a " further technical effect " beyond the inherent technical interactions between hardware and software.

However, some regional offices exist, such as the European Patent Office ( EPO ), which act as supranational bodies with the power to grant patents which can then be brought into effect in the member states, and an international procedure also exists for filing a single international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty ( PCT ), which can then give rise to patent protection in most countries.

Within European Union member states, the EPO and other national patent offices have issued many patents for inventions involving software since the European Patent Convention ( EPC ) came into force in the late 1970s.

A summary of the developments concerning patentability of computer programs under the European Patent Convention is given in ( see G 3 / 08 ) as a response of the Enlarged Board of Appeal to questions filed by the President of the European Patent Office according to Art.

The following year, The Guardian challenged the succession law in court, claiming that it violated the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides " The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.

Indeed, the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Article 6 requires these features in the legal systems of its signatory states.

Lobbying at the 1995 Basel conference by LDCs, Greenpeace and key European countries such as Denmark, led to a decision to adopt the Basel Ban Amendment to the Basel Convention.

13 to the European Convention on Human Rights in February 2006.

As a result, Europe is a continent free of the death penalty in practice, all states but Russia, which has entered a moratorium, having ratified the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, with the sole exception of Belarus, which is not a member of the Council of Europe.

An amendment to the text of the Convention, known as the Gaborone Amendment would allow regional economic integration organizations ( REIO ), such as the European Union, to have the status of a member state.

All members of the Council of Europe ( which includes nearly all European countries, and every member of the European Union ) have signed the European Convention on Human Rights, which protects against double jeopardy.

This is allowed by the European Convention on Human Rights – note the word finally in the above quotation.

European acts Silver Convention, Love and Kisses, Munich Machine, and American acts Donna Summer and the Village People, were acts that defined the late 1970s Eurodisco sound.

A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education.

The European Convention on Human Rights ( ECHR ) ( formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe.

The Convention established the European Court of Human Rights ( ECtHR ).

The European Convention is still the only international human rights agreement providing such a high degree of individual protection.

50 years of European Convention on Human Rights

Until recently, the Convention was also overseen by a European Commission on Human Rights.

The European Convention on Nationality ( E. T. S.

* European Convention on Nationality

* European Convention on Human Rights ( ECHR )

Category: Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights

After the stated aim of the National Convention to export revolution, the guillotining of Louis XVI of France, and the French opening of the Scheldt, a European military coalition was formed and set up against France.

Since the passage of the Human Rights Act 1998, the courts have been able to declare an Act of Parliament to be incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights, but such a declaration of incompatibility has no legal effect unless and until it is acted upon by the government.

According to Dutch legal experts Crombag, Wagenaar, van Koppen, the Dutch system contravenes the provisions of the European Human Rights convention, in the imbalance between the power of the prosecution service and the defence.

( This convention is obviously restricted to cultures influenced by European Classical culture.

In Loizidou v Turkey, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that jurisdiction of member states to the convention extended to areas under that state's effective control as a result of military action.

The November 2003 party convention was held in Dresden and decided the election platform for the 2004 European Parliament elections.

Under some conventions – e. g. the European Convention on Human Rights – individuals or states are permitted, subject to certain conditions, to take individual cases to the enforcement mechanisms ; under most, however ( e. g. the UN conventions ), individual access is contingent on the acceptance of that right by the relevant state party, either by a declaration at the time of ratification or accession, or through ratification of or accession to an optional protocol to the convention.

The Venice convention of 30 January 1892 was on cholera by the Suez Canal route ; that of Dresden of 15 April 1893, on cholera within European countries ; that of Paris of 3 April 1894, on cholera by the pilgrim traffic ; and that of Venice, on 19 March 1897, was in connection with the outbreak of plague in the East, and the conference met to settle on an international basis the steps to be taken to prevent, if possible, its spread into Europe.

On 8 July 2005 Canada became the only non European state to sign the convention.

* 1954 – The convention establishing CERN ( the European Organization for Nuclear Research ) is signed.

The Western convention of doubling the first's ', which is not observed in scholarly literature ( e. g. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ), likely arose because in many Western European languages a single intervocalic's ' often becomes voiced to ' z ' ( e. g. ' music '), unlike Slavic languages where it remains unvoiced.

The 14th century in European music history is dominated by the style of the ars nova, which by convention is grouped with the medieval era in music, even though it had much in common with early Renaissance ideals and aesthetics.

Protecting places and resources is by no means a modern concept, whether it be indigenous communities guarding sacred sites or the convention of European hunting reserves.

The court also found that Russia had violated Article 2 of the European human rights convention when handling the hostage crisis, " with inadequate planning and conduct of the rescue operation ", and with the " authorities ’ failure to conduct an effective investigation into the rescue operation ", although the Court found that there had been " no violation of Article 2 of the Convention on account of the decision by the authorities to resolve the hostage crisis by force and to use the gas.

In languages which use the Latin, Cyrillic, and Arabic alphabets, as well as other languages of Europe and the Mideast, the word divider is a blank space, or whitespace, a convention which is spreading, along with other aspects of European punctuation, to Asia and Africa.

: The UK ratified the convention and adopted the European Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds ( among other directives ).

One of the recommendations of the Convention is that a convention be used to prepare for future IGCs ; this has now indeed been incorporated into the treaty as a requirement for future treaty revisions, unless the European Parliament decides that it is not necessary ( e. g. for minor amendments ).

It held that Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights had been violated in the case of two people stopped in 2003 outside the ExCeL convention centre in London, which at the time was hosting a military equipment exhibition.

In addition to the accepted European convention, some classes have been named after a common theme in the included ships ' names, e. g., Tribal class destroyers, and some classes were implemented as an organizational tool, making traditional methods of naming inefficient.

At the time the 7400 series was being made, some European manufacturers ( that traditionally followed the Pro Electron naming convention ) such as Philips / Mullard produced a series of TTL integrated circuits with part names beginning FJ.

* Eurofurence, a European furry convention

Some critics have raised a legal point: they see the law as incompatible with the European convention on fundamental human rights.

By the 20th century Birmingham had become the metropolitan hub of the United Kingdom's manufacturing and automotive industries, having earned itself a reputation first as a city of canals, then of cars, and most recently as a major European convention and shopping destination.

In 2002, Cheshunt hosted the only officially licensed European BotCon convention ever.