In 1989, a group of European and American scholars in the field of anthropology established the European Association of Social Anthropologists ( EASA ) which serves as a major professional organization for anthropologists working in Europe.

Other anti-war demonstrations were organized by the antiglobalization movement: see for example the large demonstration, organized against the impending war in Iraq, which closed the first European Social Forum in November, 2002 in Florence, Italy.

: See main articles: Social forum, European Social Forum, Asian Social Forum, World Social Forum.

The first European Social Forum ( ESF ) was held in November 2002 in Florence.

* Holger Nehring, ' National Internationalists: British and West German Protests against Nuclear Weapons, the Politics of Transnational Communications and the Social History of the Cold War, 1957 – 1964 ', Contemporary European History, 14, No. 4 ( 2006 )

The Conservative Party has campaigned against entry to the European Monetary Union and the Social chapter.

In November 2002 the city was the place of birth of the first edition of the European Social Forum.

Encyclopedia of European Social History ( 6 vol 2000 ), 3000 pp

Until 1991, President Mauno Koivisto and two of the three major parties, Center Party and the Social Democrats opposed the idea of European Union membership and preferred entering into the European Economic Area treaty.

* European Commission, Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion ( 2010 ): Industrial Relations in Europe 2010.

After England, Germany was the first European country to pass labour laws ; Chancellor Bismarck's main goal being to undermine the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ).

" The Corporatist Character of Bismarck's Social Policy ," European History Quarterly, Oct 1981 ; vol.

European Journal of Social Psychology, 42 ( 2 ), 150-163.

Alcohol, Gender and Culture ( European Association of Social Anthropologists ) ( 1992 )

In the preliminary elections of the Social Democrats Halonen ran against Pertti Paasio, a member of the European Parliament and former party chairman, and Jacob Söderman, the European Ombudsman.

A number of other countries, including Japan, Canada, Germany, and various multilateral organizations, such as the Economic and Social Council for Asia and the Pacific, the UN Development Programme, the Asian Development Bank, the European Economic Community, and the Commonwealth Development Corporation also provide developmental aid.

Basing its electoral majority largely on the Catholic countryside, the party originally supported governments based on liberal-conservative political positions, then to move into centre-left coalitions by European standards, despite some disbandaments to the right, such as the short-lived government led by Fernando Tambroni in 1960, relying on parliamentary support from the Italian Social Movement, the post-Fascist party.

In the European Union member states, Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment.

A recent example is the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union which was intended to be included in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, that failed to be ratified.

Article 50 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union protects against double jeopardy.

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ( ECRML ) is a European treaty ( CETS 148 ) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.

Furthermore, Greek is officially recognized as a minority language in parts of Italy and Albania, as well as in Armenia, Romania and Ukraine as a regional or minority language in the framework of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

* Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

* European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ( ECRML )

* European Charter for Researchers

In 2001, the European Union explicitly banned racism, along with many other forms of social discrimination, in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the legal effect of which, if any, would necessarily be limited to Institutions of the European Union: " Article 21 of the charter prohibits discrimination on any ground such as race, color, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, disability, age or sexual orientation and also discrimination on the grounds of nationality.

Similarly, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, codified into law applicable to European Union countries by the passage civil lawsuit, is said to have accrued when the event beginning its time limitation occurs.

Likewise, the concept of tradition has been used to defend the preservation and reintroduction of minority languages such as Cornish under the auspices of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

* Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, 2000

It was a predecessor of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, the United States Bill of Rights, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights.

In Europe, the European Union's Employment Equality Framework Directive and Charter of Fundamental Rights offer some protection against sexuality-based discrimination.

Italy signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 1991, but has not ratified it so far.

Article 4 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits torture.

* The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ( 2000 ) is one of the most recent proposed legal instruments concerning human rights.

Several dialects of Low Saxon ( Nedersaksisch in Dutch ) are spoken in much of the north and east and are recognized by the Netherlands as regional languages according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

Some collectors may specialize in specific fields ( such as Nobel Prize winners ) or general topics ( military leaders participating in World War I ) or specific documents ( i. e., signers of the Charter of the United Nations ; signers of the U. S. Constitution ; signers of the Israeli Declaration of Independence ; signers of the Charter of the European Common Union ; signers of the World War II German or Japanese surrender documents ).

For 1st Dan and above, they are held at a European workshop organised by the European Shintaido College ( ESC ).

In Europe, The European Shintaido College ( ESC ) includes most of the Shintaido instructors in Europe, based in Germany, Belgium, Spain, France, Britain, Italy, the Czech Republic and Switzerland.

With Germany being one the biggest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union, No Angels were allowed to skip the contest's semi-finals and automatically qualified for competition with 24 other countries in the finals of the ESC in May 2008.

In contrast, the more extensive algorithm by the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) weights the difference between supporting and opposing parameters from the medical history, physical examination, further medical tests as well as response to therapy.

As a consequence the European Union decided in 2009 to make ESC mandatory – all new models must be equipped with ESC since 1.

including Nicole Nason, Administrator of the NHTSA, Jim Guest and David Champion of Consumers Union of the Fédération Internationale de l ' Automobile ( FIA ), E-Safety Aware, Csaba Csere, editor of Car and Driver, and Jim Gill, long time ESC proponent of Continental Automotive Systems The European New Car Assessment Program ( EuroNCAP ) " strongly recommends " that people buy cars fitted with stability control.

However, consumer awareness affects buying patterns so that roughly 45 % of vehicles sold in North America and the UK are purchased with ESC, contrasting with 78 – 96 % in other European countries such as Germany, Denmark, and Sweden.

The market for ESC is growing quickly, especially in European countries such as Sweden, Denmark, and Germany.

Electronic stability control ( ESC ) is the generic term recognised by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association ( ACEA ), the North American Society of Automotive Engineers ( SAE ), the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, and other worldwide authorities.

* European ESC Mandate for Trucks and Coaches

* European ESC Campaign

The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) and the European Atherosclerosis Society ( EAS ) published the ESC / EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias in 2011.

The European Swift Sport features manual transmission, the three-door body variant, 17-inch wheels and electronic stability control ( ESC ).

ESC Rouen received EQUIS accreditation from the European Foundation for Management Development for a second time in May 2005.

Financial Times ( 2007 )-The ESC Rouen Grande Ecole Programme is ranked 13th position best European Master in Management.

Groupe ESC Rouen also offers European Management Seminars which are customized intensive management seminars on " Doing Business in the European Union ".

Athena ’ s first concert European – Turkish Festival was in Germany – Berlin after ESC was broadcast live by TRT ( Turkish National TV ).

They are the recommended first-line treatment in the US ( JNC VII ) guidelines for hypertension and a recommended treatment in the European ( ESC / ESH ) guidelines.