* Fallacy of misplaced concreteness

* Fallacy of misplaced concreteness

# REDIRECT Reification ( fallacy )# Fallacy of misplaced concreteness

The terms " prosecutor's fallacy " and " defense attorney's fallacy " were originated by William C. Thompson and Edward Schumann in the 1987 article Interpretation of Statistical Evidence in Criminal Trials, subtitled The Prosecutor's Fallacy and the Defense Attorney's Fallacy.

* " Love is a Fallacy ", a short story written by Max Shulman.

* The One-Sidedness Fallacy by Peter Suber.

* Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc in the Fallacy Files by Gary N. Curtis

* Non Causa Pro Causa in the Fallacy Files by Gary N. Curtis

This was used by John Ruskin | Ruskin as an example, in his seminal essay Of the Pathetic Fallacy.

Josephine Miles in Pathetic Fallacy in the Nineteenth Century: A Study of a Changing Relation Between Object and Emotion, influenced by William Wordsworth ’ s discussion of the practice, argues that “ pathetic bestowal ” is a neutral and therefore preferable label.

In the comic book series Jack of Fables, the Pathetic Fallacy itself is embodied by a character named Gary, who has control over inanimate objects and treats them with a peculiar sense of kindness.

* Non causa pro causa in the Fallacy Files by Gary N. Curtis

* The Fallacy Files Guilt by Association

The assumption that hoarding is irrational was attacked by underconsumptionist economists, such as John M. Robertson, in his 1892 The Fallacy of Saving,

* Fallacy and the Reality of IMF Standby Arrangement for Sri Lanka by The Sunday Times

It first appeared in Essays in Criticism at Oxford some years ago, and was in part, I believe, an answer to an essay written many years ago, about twenty at least, by a friend of mine, Monroe Beardsley, and myself, called ' The Intentional Fallacy.

This opinion is similar to that expressed by W. K. Wimsatt and Monroe C. Beardsley in their famous essay “ The Affective Fallacy ,” in which they argue that a critic is “ a teacher or explicator of meanings ,” not a reporter of “ physiological experience ” in the reader ( qtd.

The paradox of thrift was stated in 1892 by John M. Robertson in his The Fallacy of Savings, and similar sentiments date to antiquity, in addition to the mercantilist statements cited above:

# " The Pathetic Fallacy " by Llewelyn Powys

* The Divine Fallacy by Tina Howe

Wimsatt and Beardsley consider this strategy a fallacy partly because it is impossible to determine the intention of the author — indeed, authors themselves are often unable to determine the “ intention ” of a poem — and partly because a poem, as an act that takes place between a poet and an audience, has an existence outside of both and thus its meaning can not be evaluated simply based on the intentions of or the effect on either the writer or the audience ( see the section of this article entitled “ The Affective Fallacy " for a discussion of the latter ; 5 ).

In philosophy, Denis Diderot makes use of the term " Fallacy of the Ephemeral ," which refers to assumptions made outside of one's scope of time, perception, or knowledge.

The interwar period saw the development of a new form of criticism towards Spiritism: René Guénon's influential book The Spiritist Fallacy, which criticized both the more general concepts of Spiritualism, which he considered to be a superficial mix of moralism and spiritual materialism, as well as Spiritism's specific contributions, such as its belief in what he saw as a post-Cartesian, modernist concept of reincarnation that is distinct from and opposed to its two western predecessors, metempsychosis and transmigration.

Quantum mechanics under the Copenhagen Interpretation interpreted probability as a physical phenomenon, which is what Jaynes called a Mind Projection Fallacy.

" And from hence it must follow, that it is a Fallacy upon Ourselves, to charge our present Selves with any thing we did, or to imagine our present Selves interested in any thing which befell us, yesterday, or that our present Self will be interested in what will befall us to morrow ; since our present Self is not, in Reality, the same with the Self of Yesterday, but another like Self or Person coming in its Room, and mistaken for it ; to which another Self will succeed to morrow.

In 1946, William K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley published a classic and controversial New Critical essay entitled " The Intentional Fallacy ", in which they argued strongly against the relevance of an author's intention, or " intended meaning " in the analysis of a literary work.

In another essay, " The Affective Fallacy ," which served as a kind of sister essay to " The Intentional Fallacy " Wimsatt and Beardsley also discounted the reader's personal / emotional reaction to a literary work as a valid means of analyzing a text.

He outlines and advocates ( particularly in his two influential essays written with Monroe Beardsley, “ The Intentional Fallacy ” and “ The Affective Fallacy ”) an “ objective criticism ” in which the critic essentially disregards the intentions of the poet and the effect of the poem on the audience as the sole ( or even the major ) factors in analyzing and evaluating a poem ( Davis and Schleifer 43 ).

Perhaps Wimsatt ’ s most influential theories come from the essays “ The Intentional Fallacy ” and “ The Affective Fallacy ” ( both are published in Verbal Icon ) which he wrote with Monroe Beardsley.

* Fallacy of exclusive premises, in which a syllogism is invalid because both premises are negative

One important use of the word " Nomothetic " is in the term " Nomothetic Fallacy ," which is the belief that naming a problem effectively solves it.

2007 concluded that Lewontin's " Fallacy " is only a fallacy if one assumes the populations that individuals can be assigned to are " races ".

* Fallacy: Loaded Questions and Complex Claims Critical Thinking exercises.

: See main articles: False attribution, Fallacy of quoting out of context, No true Scotsman, Shifting ground fallacy.

Some scientists and philosophers reject the Naturalistic Fallacy, arguing that it is indeed possible to derive " ought " from " is ", and even that it has already been done to some extent.

* W. K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley: The Intentional Fallacy, The Affective Fallacy

* Fallacy of accident or sweeping generalization: a generalization that disregards exceptions.

* Fallacy of false cause or non sequitur: incorrectly assumes one thing is the cause of another.

* Fallacy of many questions or loaded question: groups more than one question in the form of a single question.

* Fearnside, W. Ward and William B. Holther, Fallacy: The Counterfeit of Argument, 1959.

* An Informal Fallacy Primer, acontrario. org

* Hanish C. Lodhia ( 2005 ) " The Irrationality of Rational Expectations-An Exploration into Economic Fallacy ".

The problem with this argument is that it falls prey to the Appeal to Consequences Fallacy ; whether or not solipsism is true does not depend on its implications.

The man entering the room would commit the Inverse Gambler's Fallacy if he said, " You've probably been rolling the dice for quite a while, since it's unlikely you would get a double-six on your first attempt.

* The Broken Window Fallacy.