* Financial capital, any form of wealth capable of being employed in the production of more wealth

The discipline of capital budgeting is devoted to this question, and may employ standard business valuation techniques or even extend to real options valuation ; see Financial modeling.

" Financial capital " often refers to his or her net worth tied up in the business ( assets minus liabilities ) but the phrase often includes money borrowed from others.

The Financial Rand formed part of a system of capital controls, generally called Exchange Controls.

Financial reinsurance is a form of reinsurance that is primarily used for capital management rather than to transfer insurance risk.

Financial economics examines topics such as the structure of optimal portfolios, the rate of return to capital, econometric analysis of security returns, and corporate financial behavior.

* Financial repression: Government policies such as interest rate caps on government debt, financial regulations such as reserve requirements and capital controls, and barriers to entry in markets where the government owns or controls businesses.

Financial regulators, such as the UK's Financial Services Authority ( FSA ) or the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ), oversee the capital markets in their designated jurisdictions to ensure that investors are protected against fraud, among other duties.

According to a 2012 Financial Times article, hedge funds are increasingly making most of the short term trades in large sections of the capital market ( like the UK and US stock exchanges ), which is making it harder for them to maintain their historically high returns, as they are increasingly finding themselves trading with each other rather than with less sophisticated investors.

In 1988, Vázquez Raña sold UPI to Infotechnology Inc. an information technology and venture capital company and parent company of cable TV's Financial News Network, both headed by Earl Brian, who also became UPI chairman.

Financial capital can refer to money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or provide their services or to that sector of the economy based on its operation, i. e. retail, corporate, investment banking, etc.

Financial capital or just capital in finance and accounting, refers to the funds provided by lenders ( and investors ) to businesses to purchase real capital equipment for producing goods / services.

Financial capital generally refers to saved-up financial wealth, especially that used to start or maintain a business.

Financial capital maintenance can be measured in either nominal monetary units or units of constant purchasing power.

There are thus three concepts of capital maintenance in terms of International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ): ( 1 ) Physical capital maintenance ( 2 ) Financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units ( 3 ) Financial capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power.

During an interview Lord Phillips was quoted by the Financial Times as saying: "' in an ideal world ' Commonwealth countries — including those in the Caribbean — would stop using the Privy Council and set up their own final courts of appeal instead.

PNC Financial Services launched a program in 2009 as a direct result of its acquisition of National City Corp., which National City already had, along with a mortgage division — neither of which PNC had had before the deal.

Financial markets attract funds from investors and channel them to corporations — they thus allow corporations to finance their operations and achieve growth.

* ISO 20022-1: 2004 and ISO 20022-2: 2007 Financial services — UNIversal Financial Industry message scheme

Financial matters were made worse by the fact that many wealthy, land-owning families — some which had officials working for the government — used their social connections with those in office in order to obtain tax-exempt status.

The political pressure of the ideologically charged civil war, in conjunction with the excruciating need for aid and funds to finance imports, compelled FRELIMO to negotiate its first structural adjustment package ( SAP ) with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) in 1986 ( commonly referred to as the Bretton Woods Institutions or International Financial Institutions — IFIs ).

* ISO 8583 Financial transaction card originated messages — Interchange message specifications

* Financial Security Law of France (" Loi sur la Sécurité Financière ") — French equivalent of Sarbanes – Oxley Act

* ( 2 ) Financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units ( Historical cost accounting ): authorized by IFRS but not prescribed — optional during low inflation and deflation.

* ( 3 ) Financial capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power ( Constant Item Purchasing Power Accounting ): authorized by IFRS but not prescribed — optional during low inflation and deflation.

* John Lloyd — current Supernumerary Fellow, journalist, contributor to the Financial Times, and co-founder of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at Oxford University.

The inhabitants of Central City borough and the surrounding area are served by nine churches, sixteen stores, one hotel, five garages and service stations, three barber shops, a printing house, a photo studio, two funeral homes, a greenhouse, two veterans ' organizations-American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars, and one financial institution — Central City Bank, a branch of AmeriServ Financial Bank of Johnstown.

The FT published a similar index, which was replaced by the Financial News Index — and the Financial News Index was then renamed the Financial Times ( FT ) Index on 1 January 1947.

# Introduction: The Bill is introduced to the Parliament together with its accompanying documents — Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the Bill and a Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it.

* 1920: The Wall Street bombing — Italian anarchist Mario Buda ( a member of the " Galleanists ") parked a horse-drawn wagon filled with explosives and shrapnel in the Financial District of New York City.

While the term " stockbroker " is still in use, more common terms are " broker ", " financial advisor ", " registered rep ." or simply " rep ." — the latter being abbreviations of the official Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ( FINRA ) designation " Registered Representative ," obtained by passing the FINRA General Securities Representative Exam ( also known as the " Series 7 exam ") and being employed (" associated with ") a registered broker-dealer, also called a brokerage firm or ( in the case of some larger money center broker / dealers ) a " wirehouse ", typically a FINRA member firm.

* Financial Accounting Standards Board Website ( FASB ) — United States

CPAs can also be employed by corporations — termed " the private sector "— in finance functions such as Chief Financial Officer ( CFO ) or finance manager, or as CEOs subject to their full business knowledge and practice.

# Financial data — Facts for this section will come from management accounting, costing and finance sections.

Dr. Gillian Tett, a Cambridge University trained anthropologist who went on to become a senior editor at the Financial Times is one of the leaders in this use of anthropology.

A 2003 study by TD Bank Financial Group found the corridor is the only Canadian urban centre to amass a U. S. level of wealth while maintaining a Canadian-style quality of life, offering universal health care benefits.

The neighborhood, which is the site of the World Financial Center along with numerous housing, commercial and retail buildings, is named for adjacent Battery Park.

Battery Park City is bounded on the east by West Street, which separates the area from the Financial District of downtown Manhattan.

The World Financial Center's ground floor and portions of the second floor are occupied by a mall ; its center point is a steel-and-glass atrium known as the Winter Garden.

Canyon of Heroes is occasionally used to refer to the section of lower Broadway in the Financial District that is the location of the city's ticker-tape parades.

On the other hand, supervisory restructuring at the behest of the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction is generally undertaken using receivership by a Public Finance Institution.

Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other sources is directed largely at the improvement of agriculture, especially livestock production.

In other countries banking supervision is carried out by a government department such as the UK Treasury, or an independent government agency ( for example, UK's Financial Services Authority ).

Similarly, the Economic and Financial Affairs Council is composed of national finance ministers, and they are still one per state and the chair is held by the member coming from the presiding country.

Financial services have also become important to the city since the establishment of Dublin's International Financial Services Centre in 1987, which is globally recognised as a leading location for a range of internationally traded financial services.

The Senate equivalent of the House Financial Services Committee is the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

# Financial position: is concerned with understanding the personal resources available by examining net worth and household cash flow.

Financial management is duplicate with the financial function of the Accounting profession.

Financial risk management, an element of corporate finance, is the practice of creating and protecting economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk, particularly credit risk and market risk.

Financial economics is the branch of economics studying the interrelation of financial variables, such as prices, interest rates and shares, as opposed to those concerning the real economy.

Financial Econometrics is the branch of Financial Economics that uses econometric techniques to parameterize the relationships suggested.

Financial mathematics is a field of applied mathematics, concerned with financial markets.