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* IBM's 1987 introduction of the incompatible and proprietary MicroChannel Architecture ( MCA ) computer bus, for its Personal System / 2 ( PS / 2 ) line.
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IBM's and 1987
IBM's MCA bus, developed for the PS / 2 in 1987, was a competitor to ISA, also their design, but fell out of favor due to the ISA's industry-wide acceptance and IBM's closed licensing of MCA.
The final PC / AT, the 339, ran the processor at 8 MHz with one wait state, and was built as IBM's flagship microcomputer until the 1987 introduction of the PS / 2 line.
IBM's and introduction
The second generation ( transistor-based ) products were a mainstay of IBM's business and IBM continued to make them for several years after the introduction of the System / 360.
This sparked the introduction of the much more powerful AltiVec system in the Motorola PowerPC's and IBM's POWER systems.
One very significant change was the introduction of virtual memory, which was first made generally available in 1972 via IBM's " System / 370 Advanced Function " announcement.
IBM announced proportional letter spacing for typewriters in 1941, but IBM's World War II effort delayed the introduction of a typewriter model, the Executive, with this capability until 1944.
) At the time of its introduction, the 470V / 6 was less expensive but still faster than IBM's comparable offerings.
The late 2008 introduction of the IBM System z10 BC yet again made IBM's equipment more enticing.
At its public introduction, it was the only video codec supported in both the Microsoft ( Video for Windows ) and Apple Computer's QuickTime software environments, as well as by IBM's software systems of the day.
IBM's and incompatible
Portability was a problem in the early days because there was no agreed standard — not even IBM's reference manual — and computer companies vied to differentiate their offerings from others by providing incompatible features.
The schedule delays caused by IBM's multiple incompatible architectures provided motivation for the unified System / 360 family.
Since the 360 line was incompatible with IBM's previous products, it represented an enormous risk for the company.
IBM's and proprietary
It was announced in September 1988 by a consortium of PC clone vendors ( the " Gang of Nine ") as a counter to IBM's use of its proprietary Micro Channel architecture ( MCA ) in its PS / 2 series.
For example, Microsoft's Outlook client uses a proprietary protocol to communicate with a Microsoft Exchange Server server as does IBM's Notes client when communicating with a Domino server, but all of these products also support POP, IMAP, and outgoing SMTP.
While IBM's attempt at producing a successor to ISA with the Micro Channel Architecture was a technically viable option, it failed in the market due to its proprietary nature and imposed licensing fees.
Systems Network Architecture ( SNA ) is IBM's proprietary networking architecture created in 1974.
The company moved from a proprietary data bus architecture in favor of IBM's AT-bus, as used in the second generation of IBM PCs, and was simultaneously embracing RISC technology moving towards high-end processors, eventually producing the PRISM line.
However, proprietary transaction-processing environments such as IBM's CICS are still very popular, although CICS has evolved to include open industry standards as well.
Its first product, announced September 1985, was a four chip EGA chipset that handled the functions of 19 of IBM's proprietary chips on the Enhanced Graphics Adapter.
The proprietary nature of the PS / 2 and exclusivity of OS / 2 was intended to drive sales of IBM's own hardware and made it difficult for other manufacturers of PC compatibles to compete.
In 1995, it was added to AIX, IBM's proprietary UNIX platform.
OfficeVision is an IBM proprietary office support application that primarily runs on IBM's VM operating system and its user interface CMS.
When the proprietary PC Network hardware was replaced by token ring in IBM's later offerings, backwards compatibility with the NetBIOS application programming interface ( API ) was retained through an optional loadable program module.
Systems Network Architecture ( SNA ) is IBM's proprietary networking architecture created in 1974.
IBM's and MicroChannel
This technical leadership and the rivalry with IBM was emphasized when the Systempro server was launched in late 1989-this was a true server product with standard support for a second CPU and RAID, but also the first product to feature the EISA bus, designed in reaction to IBM's MCA ( MicroChannel Architecture ).
IBM's and Architecture
* Character Data Representation Architecture ( CDRA ) from IBM Contains IBM's official information on codepages and charsets.
* IBM's Power Architecture, used on many IBM's supercomputers, midrange servers and workstations
HDLC is based on IBM's SDLC protocol, which is the layer 2 protocol for IBM's Systems Network Architecture ( SNA ).
These solutions included IBM's Distributed Relational Database Architecture ( DRDA ) and Apple Computer's Data Access Language.
Some high-level assemblers are Borland's TASM, NASM, Microsoft's MASM, IBM's HLASM ( for z / Architecture systems ), Alessandro Ghignola's Linoleum, and Niklaus Wirth's PL / 360.
* the IBM Network Control Program, a program run on IBM programmable communications controllers to support IBM's Systems Network Architecture
It is the layer 2 protocol for IBM's Systems Network Architecture ( SNA ).
The page-level mechanism has been around for years in various other processor architectures such as DEC's ( now HP's ) Alpha, Sun's SPARC, and IBM's System / 370-XA, System / 390, z / Architecture and PowerPC.
This emphasis was in part due to the " positioning " for " strategic " reasons of Smalltalk as a generator rather than a language within IBM's System Application Architecture.
On October 23, 2009, IBM released z / VM Version 6. 1 which requires z / Architecture 2 ( ARCHLVL 3 ), implemented in IBM's System z10 models.
z / Architecture, initially and briefly called ESA Modal Extensions ( ESAME ), refers to IBM's 64-bit computing architecture for IBM mainframe computers.
IBM recognizes two z / Architecture ALS (" Architecture Level Sets "), known as ARCHLVL 2 and ARCHLVL 3, which define IBM's operating system support.
ESA / 390 ( Enterprise Systems Architecture / 390 ) was introduced in September 1990 and was IBM's last 31-bit-address / 32-bit-data mainframe computing design, copied by Amdahl, Hitachi, and Fujitsu among other competitors.
IBM's initial answer was OfficeVision / 2, a server-requestor system designed to be the strategic implementation of IBM's Systems Application Architecture.
* Revisable-Form Text-part of IBM's Document Control Architecture ( DCA )
IBM's and MCA
A few manufacturers did produce licensed MCA machines ( most notably NCR ), but overall the industry balked at IBM's restrictions.
As the market evolved, however, despite the failure of MCA, IBM derived a considerable income from license fees from companies who paid for licenses to use IBM patents that were in the PC design — to the extent that IBM's emphasis changed from discouraging PC clones to maximizing its revenue from license sales.
IBM's competitors jointly responded by introducing the EISA expansion system which, unlike MCA, was fully compatible with the existing ISA cards.
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