* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

* Homer, Iliad II, 819 – 21 ; V, 217 – 575 ; XIII, 455 – 544 ; XX, 75 – 352 ;

The identification of Ajax with the family of Aeacus was chiefly a matter which concerned the Athenians, after Salamis had come into their possession, on which occasion Solon is said to have inserted a line in the Iliad ( 2. 557 – 558 ), for the purpose of supporting the Athenian claim to the island.

Iliad, 7. 181 – 312.

Pope: " Thus on a roe the well-breath'd beagle flies, And rends his hide fresh-bleeding with the dart " The Iliad of Homer ( 1715 – 20 ) Book XV: 697 – 8

* Homer, Iliad xiv. 274 – 9 ; xix. 259f.

Aristotle ( Metaphysics 983b – 987a ) believed that the question of first causes may even have started with Hesiod ( Theogony 116 – 53 ) and Homer ( Iliad 14. 201, 246 ).

* 68 – Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, after quoting Homer's Iliad, thus ending the Julio-Claudian Dynasty and starting the civil year known as the Year of the Four Emperors.

The brief allusion to the Judgment in the Iliad ( 24. 25 – 30 ) shows that the episode initiating all the subsequent action was already familiar to its audience ; a fuller version was told in the Cypria, a lost work of the Epic Cycle, of which only fragments ( and a reliable summary ) remain.

Finnish born nationalist and linguist Kaarle Akseli Gottlund ( 1796 – 1875 ) expressed his desire for a Finnish epic in a similar vein to The Iliad, Beowulf and the Nibelungenlied compiled from the various poems and songs spread over most of Finland.

Some claim that Virgil meant to change them before he died, while others find that the location of the two passages, at the very end of the so-called Volume I ( Books 1 – 6, the Odyssey ), and Volume II ( Books 7 – 12, the Iliad ), and their short length, which contrasts with the lengthy nature of the poem, are evidence that Virgil placed them purposefully there.

Around this time he began the work of translating the Iliad, which was a painstaking process – publication began in 1715 and did not end until 1720.

* 1715 – 1720: Translation of the Iliad

The names, originally spelled Phobus and Deimus respectively, were suggested by Henry Madan ( 1838 – 1901 ), Science Master of Eton, based on Book XV of the Iliad, in which the god Ares summons Dread ( Deimos ) and Fear ( Phobos ).

" In fact one modern scholar has observed in Bacchylides a general tendency towards imitation, sometimes approaching the level of quotation: in this case, the eagle simile in Ode 5 may be thought to imitate a passage in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter ( 375 – 83 ), and the countless leaves fluttering in the wind on " the gleaming headlands of Ida ", mentioned later in the ode, recall a passage in Iliad ( 6. 146 – 9 ).

According to a legend, when Phidias was asked what inspired him — whether he climbed Mount Olympus to see Zeus, or whether Zeus came down from Olympus so that Pheidias could see him — the artist answered that he portrayed Zeus according to Book One, verses 528 – 530 of Homer's Iliad:

In another scholium, it is said that the Argonautica's account of Ganymede's abduction by an amorous Zeus ( Argonautica 3. 114 – 17 ) was also modelled on a version by Ibycus ( in Homer's earlier account, Zeus abducted the youth to be his wine-pourer: Iliad 20. 234 ), and that Ibycus, moreover, described the abduction of Tithonus by Dawn ( Eos ).

" And that would have been the end of Ares and his appetite for war, if the beautiful Eriboea, the young giants ' stepmother, had not told Hermes what they had done ," Dione related ( Iliad 5. 385 – 391 ).

* In Iliad 9. 165-93 three characters, Phoinix, Odysseus, and Aias set out on an embassy to Achilleus ; however, at line 182 the poet uses a verb in the dual form to indicate that there are only two people going ; at lines 185ff.

In the Iliad, Achilles uses Peleus ' immortal horses and also wields his father's spear.

He also uses the epic style of invocations, lamentations, exclamations and similes, and in some cases adds parody to imitation by following the framework of actual speeches in Homer ’ s Iliad.

The concept of using a shield to cover an archer dates to at least to the writing of Homer's Iliad, where Ajax uses his shield to cover his half-brother Teucer, an archer, while he would " peer round " and shoot arrows.

Homer ( the Iliad and the Odyssey ) uses about 9, 000 words, of which 1, 382 are proper names.

Example of a Bayesian network in the CDSS context is the Iliad system which makes use of Bayesian reasoning to calculate posterior probabilities of possible diagnoses depending on the symptoms provided.

Finally, even after accepting the various alterations admitted by Homer, some lines remain impossible to scan, e. g. Iliad I. 108 “ not a good word spoken nor brought to pass ”:

Combining information technologies and statistics, the stylometry allows to scan various linguistic units: words, parts of speech, sounds ... Based on the frequencies of Greek letters, a first study of Dietmar Najock particularly shows the internal cohesion of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Though she does not appear among the lists of nereids in Iliad XVIII or Bibliotheke 1. 2. 7, such an ancient island nymph in other contexts might gain any of various Olympian parentages: she was thought of as a daughter of Poseidon with any of several primordial sea-goddesses — with whom she might be identified herself — notably Halia or Amphitrite.

Other prints worthy of mention are those by Mariano Fortuny, many of them related to his period in Morocco, the two series of the Essays in Etching by Carlos de Haes and various works by Joaquín Pi i Margall, namely, The Iliad, The Odyssey, The Days and The Theogony or The Divine Comedy.

The story of the persuasion of Achilles into battle is drawn from Homer's Iliad ( perhaps in the translation by George Chapman ), and from various medieval and Renaissance retellings.

In the epic poem, the Iliad, set in the 12th century BC, galleys with a single row of oarsmen were used primarily to transport soldiers to and from various land battles.

In the Iliad, Apollo is the healer under the gods, but he is also the bringer of disease and death with his arrows, similar to the function of the terrible Vedic god of disease Rudra.

The city is mentioned in Homer's Iliad as having participated in the Trojan War with thirty ships under Asclepius ' sons Machaon and Podalirius.

Their first mention is by Homer, in his list of Trojans allies in the Iliad, and according to whom the Mysians fought in the Trojan War on the side of Troy, under the command of Chromis and Ennomus the Auger, and were lion-hearted spearmen who fought with their bare hands.

The word μίτρα, mítra, ( or, in its Ionic form, μίτρη, mítrē ) first appears in Greek and signifies either of several garments: a kind of waist girdle worn under a cuirass, as mentioned in Homer's Iliad ; a headband used by women for their hair ; a sort of formal Babylonian head dress, as mentioned by Herodotus ( Histories 1. 195 and 7. 90 ).

In Homer's Iliad, the Greek allied forces are described under three different names, often used interchangeably: Argives ( in Greek: Argeioi, Ἀργεῖοι ; used 29 times in the Iliad ), Danaans ( Δαναοί, used 138 times ) and Achaeans ( Ἀχαιοί, used 598 times ).

On these pillars rested that solid basis for life and thought which was soon to be manifested in the remarkably unlimited ken of the Iliad.

Though it is not easy to apply the evidence of the Iliad to any specific era, this marvelous product of the epic tradition had certainly taken definitive shape by 750.

the poet of the Iliad deliberately archaized.

The antecedents of Dipylon vases and of the Iliad lie in the Aegean past.

That such a tradition lies behind The Iliad and The Odyssey, at least, is hard to deny.

the verse of Beowulf or of The Iliad and The Odyssey was not easy to create but was not impossible for poets who had developed their talents perforce in earning a livelihood.

One of the greatest Homerists of our time, Frederick M. Combellack, argues that when it is assumed The Iliad and The Odyssey are oral poems, the postulated single redactor called Homer cannot be either credited with or denied originality in choice of phrasing.

Combellack argues further, and here he makes his main point, that once The Iliad and The Odyssey are thought formulaic poems composed for an audience accustomed to formulaic poetry, Homeric critics are deprived of an entire domain they previously found arable.

If Cynewulf was literate, the Beowulf poet may have been also, and so may the final redactor of The Iliad and The Odyssey.

Other theories of origin are compatible with the formulaic theory: Beowulf may contain a design for terror, and The Iliad may have a vast hysteron-proteron pattern answering to a ceramic pattern produced during the Geometric Period in pottery.

Thus one line in five from The Iliad and The Odyssey is to be found somewhere else in the two poems.

The Iliad has two words for the shield, ASPIS and SAKOS.

In Greek mythology, Achilles (, Akhilleus, ) was a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad.

The function of Apollo as a " healer " is connected with Paean ( Παιών-Παιήων ), the physician of the Gods in the Iliad, who seems to come from a more primitive religion.

In Iliad, his priest prays to Apollo Smintheus, the mouse god who retains an older agricultural function as the protector from field rats.

He demanded her return, and the Achaeans complied, indirectly causing the anger of Achilles, which is the theme of the Iliad.

In the Iliad, when Diomedes injured Aeneas, Apollo rescued him.

* In the Iliad xvi, Apollo washes the black blood from the corpse of Sarpedon and anoints it with ambrosia, readying it for its dreamlike return to Sarpedon's native Lycia.

Abydos was first mentioned in the catalogue of Trojan allies ( Iliad ii. 836 ).

He is a character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer's Iliad, and receives full treatment in Roman mythology as the legendary founder of what would become Ancient Rome, most extensively in Virgil's Aeneid.

In the Iliad, Aeneas is a minor character, where he is twice saved from death by the gods as if for an as yet unknown destiny.

The Iliad tells the story of the quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles in the final year of the war.