* 1874 – Joseph Olivier, French rugby player ( d. 1901 )

In 1874, Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff and Joseph Le Bel explained optical activity in terms of the tetrahedral arrangement of the atoms bound to carbon.

In 1874, Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff and Joseph Achille Le Bel independently proposed that the phenomenon of optical activity could be explained by assuming that the chemical bonds between carbon atoms and their neighbors are directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron.

Joseph F. Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, received a patent for the modern invention in 1874 after he made his own modifications to previous versions.

* – Joseph Glidden, DeKalb, Illinois, Improvement in Wire-fences – twisted fence wires with short spur coiled around one of the strands ( November, 1874 ) This became the most popular patent.

Among those influenced were the Russian Alexander Afanasyev ( first published in 1866 ), the Norwegians Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe ( first published in 1845 ), the Romanian Petre Ispirescu ( first published in 1874 ), the English Joseph Jacobs ( first published in 1890 ), and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish tales ( first published in 1890 ).

This period included a panoply of international ‘ great demographers ’ like Adolphe Quételet ( 1796 – 1874 ), William Farr ( 1807 – 1883 ), Louis-Adolphe Bertillon ( 1821 – 1883 ) and his son Jacques ( 1851 – 1922 ), Joseph Körösi ( 1844 – 1906 ), Anders Nicolas Kaier ( 1838 – 1919 ), Richard Böckh ( 1824 – 1907 ), Émile Durkheim ( 1858-1917 ), Wilhelm Lexis ( 1837 – 1914 ) and Luigi Bodio ( 1840 – 1920 ) contributed to the development of demography and to the toolkit of methods and techniques of demographic analysis.

* Joseph d ' Arbaud ( 1874 – 1950 )

In 1874, Hermann Goetz created Der Widerspänstigen Zähmung, a comic opera first performed at the National Theatre Mannheim in Germany ; the libretto was by Joseph Widmann and Goetz.

The bewildering number and variety of phonetic values that signs could have in Sumerian led to an unfortunate detour in understanding the language – a Paris-based orientalist, Joseph Halévy, argued from 1874 onward that Sumerian was not a natural language, but rather a secret code ( a cryptolect ), and for over a decade the leading Assyriologists battled over this issue.

Other notable people born in or associated with Newcastle include: engineer and industrialist Lord Armstrong, engineer and father of the modern steam railways George Stephenson, his son, also an engineer, Robert Stephenson, engineer and inventor of the steam turbine Sir Charles Parsons, inventor of the incandescent light bulb Sir Joseph Swan, modernist poet Basil Bunting, Lord Chief Justice Peter Taylor, the Portuguese writer Eça de Queiroz who was a diplomat in Newcastle from late 1874 until April 1879 — his most productive literary period, The Prime Minister of Thailand Abhisit Vejjajiva, singers Eric Burdon, Sting and Brian Johnson, lead singer of AC / DC from 1980 to the present, actors Charlie Hunnam multiple circumnavigator David Scott Cowper, Neil Tennant, Alan Hull, Mark Knopfler, Hank Marvin, Bruce Welch, Cheryl Cole, entertainers Ant and Dec, and international footballers Peter Beardsley, Michael Carrick, Andy Carroll, Paul Gascoigne and Alan Shearer.

He was, however, awarded 44 Austro-Hungarian gulden on 1 October 1874 for the discovery of Franz Joseph Land.

Chamberlain was born in Camberwell in London to a successful shoemaker and manufacturer, also named Joseph ( 1796 – 1874 ), and his wife Caroline Harben, daughter of Henry Harben.

In 1874, Joseph Reynolds announced his decision to construct a narrow gauge railroad from Malvern to Hot Springs ; completion in 1875 resulted in the growth of visitation to the springs.

The Hot Springs Railroad, often referred to as the Diamond Jo line, was established as a narrow-gauge railroad by Chicago businessman Joseph Reynolds in 1874.

Joseph Hill and Robert Edwards platted Michigantown in 1830 with lots on both sides of the Michigan Road ; additions made in 1874 and 1876 by William Lowden added more lots to the north, bringing the edge of town up to what was then the Frankfort and Kokomo Railroad ( later the Toledo, St. Louis and Western ).

Starting in 1874, Henry Graham and J. Stanley Morton began operating a steam line out of St. Joseph.

* Joseph Kekuku ( 1874 – 1932 ), inventor of the steel guitar.

The greats include Zavel Kwartin ( 1874 – 1953 ), Moritz Henle ( 1850 – 1925 ), Joseph " Yossele " Rosenblatt ( 1882 – 1933 ), Gershon Sirota ( 1874 – 1943 ), and Leib Glantz.

Parnell made it his business to cultivate Fenian sentiments both in Britain and Ireland and became associated with the more radical wing of the Home Rule League, which included Joseph Biggar ( MP for Cavan from 1874 ), John O ' Connor Power ( MP for County Mayo from 1874 ) ( both, although constitutionalists, had links with the IRB ), Edmund Dwyer-Gray ( MP for Tipperary from 1877 ), and Frank Hugh O ' Donnell ( MP for Dungarvan from 1877 ).

Joseph T. " Cap " Shaw ( 1874 – 1952 ) was the editor of Black Mask magazine from 1926 to 1936.

* Art by Joseph Ropes ( 1812 – 1885 ), Scene in Germantown, Pa., 1874

* Joseph Gillis Biggar ( 1828 – 1890 ), Irish Home Rule MP for County Cavan, 1874 – 1890

In 1874 the construction of a chain of detached forts started in the vicinity, the French Army having selected Reims as one of the chief defences of the northern approaches of Paris.

The East Norfolk Railway arrived in Wroxham between 1874 and 1876 and John Loynes started the first boat hire firm on the Broads at Wroxham, where he moved the business he had started in Norwich in 1878.

International organizations started forming in the late 19th century – the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863, the Telegraphic Union in 1865 and the Universal Postal Union in 1874.

Zukor was also a member of The Lambs, a theatrical socail group started in NYC in 1874.

The modern settlement of Chokoloskee Island started in 1874.

In 1873 Ole Ensberg started a blacksmith shop and in 1874 an additional quarter section of land was laid out into lots and added to the village of Peterson In 1875 two general stores, a hardware store, and a drug store were established.

A sawmill was erected ( 1866 ), the railroad reached Long Lake ( 1868 ), a school district was organized ( 1869 ), a general store was started ( 1870 ), the Freethinkers Hall was organized ( 1874 ), a flour mill was established ( 1875 ), and a hotel was added ( 1875 ).

The Santa Fe Railroad started its expansion east to Chicago, Illinois in 1874 and completed the route in 1878, forming the double tracks in Norborne.

The first public high school in Sumner county was originally started as a seminary in 1874.

The only building that was allowed to stay untouched was the current home of the Manitoba Club, which started as an organization in 1874, only one year after the incorporation of Winnipeg.

A riot broke out in Vicksburg in December 1874 that started a series of reprisals against many Republican supporters, the vast majority of them black.

In 1874, Hildebrand started an excavation of the western mound and opened an enormous shaft right into the cairn in the centre of the mound.

Ōsaka Station opened on May 11, 1874 as one of first railway stations in the Kansai region when the railway between Osaka and Kobe started operation.

Construction started in October 1874 on the section between Forus and Gausel.

In January 1874, Ludwig granted 100, 000 Thaler and construction on the theatre, designed by architect Gottfried Semper, started shortly thereafter.

The following year he started his lifelong research at the Scientific Laboratory of Physics of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ( now Russian Academy of Sciences ), under Prussian-Russian Academician Moritz von Jacobi, Moritz Hermann von Jacobi, Boris Semyonovich von Jacobi ( Russian: Борис Семёнович ( Морис-Герман ) Якоби ) ( 21 September 1801 – 10 March 1874 ).

He started to layout the Highnam Court gardens in 1840 and was one of the first to make a pinetum ; by 1874 the gardens rivalled any in the UK.

Building started in 1874 and it was dedicated in 1884.

In 1874 the annual yearbook of the Serb-Orthodox Boka-Dubrovnik Eparchy's printing started in the city.

The White League was a white paramilitary group started in 1874 that operated to turn Republicans out of office and intimidate freedmen from voting and political organizing.

The facility started up in 1874.

The tower includes a 2. 44 m diameter clock, which was started on 31 August 1874, after being presented to the council by the Mayor's son, Vallange Condell.

In 1874 the Imperial University ( Darülfünun-i Sultani ) started to give lectures in law in French, but was closed in 1881.