Indirect interconnection at one layer refers to the interconnection between two network domains with one or more intermediate network domain ( s ) acting as transit networks.

# Indirect biological effects which involve changes in species interactions such as predation, brood parasitism, competition, herbivory, and biotic pollination and seed dispersal

Indirect effects included the dot-com bubble, and years later the housing bubble and the Subprime mortgage crisis.

Indirect effects, represented by dashed lines, show the effect of one element on another to which it is not directly linked.

Indirect, social or environmental costs such as the economic value of environmental impacts, or environmental and health effects of the complete fuel cycle and plant decommissioning, are not usually assigned to generation costs for thermal stations in utility practice, but may form part of an environmental impact assessment.

* Indirect segmentation -- where the seller relies on some proxy ( e. g., package size, usage quantity, coupon ) to structure a choice that indirectly segments the buyers.

Indirect water reclamation ( water passing through a body of water first ) will result in potable water usage.

* Indirect Method ( I / IND ): A manipulative technique where the restrictive barrier is disengaged and the dysfunctional body part is moved away from the restrictive barrier until tissue tension is equal in one or all planes and directions

* Indirect free kick, from which one may not score directly

" Indirect " discrimination means an employer, without an objective justification, applies a neutral rule to all employees, but it puts one group at a particular disadvantage.

Among important articles by Williams Cornish one might include the following: "' Linguistically sound principles ': the case against Kernewek Kemmyn ", Cornish Studies, 4, ( 1997 ); " Pre-occlusion in Cornish ", Studia Celtica 32 ( 1998 ); " Indirect Statement in Cornish and Breton ", Cornish Studies 6, ( 1998 ); " Saint in Cornish ", Cornish Studies 7 ( 1999 ) and the review, "' A modern and scholarly Cornish-English dictionary ': Ken George ’ s Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn ( 1993 )", Cornish Studies, 9 ( 2001 ).

Indirect alienation behaviours occur when one parent fails to support access or contact with the other parent, or tacitly accepts the child's negative behaviour and comments towards the other parent.

* Indirect diffusion happens when traits are passed from one culture through a middleman to another culture, without the first and final cultures ever being in direct contact.

* Indirect ophthalmoscopy one that produces an inverted, or reversed, direct image of 2 to 5 times magnification.

Indirect evidence of rotator cuff pathology can be seen on x-ray in instances where one or more of the tendons have undergone degenerative calcification ( calcific tendinitis ).

“ Indirect ” election referred to the process, mentioned in the Will and Testament of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, of the Bahá ' ís electing one or more delegates from each locality, who would represent them at a national convention and would vote for the nine members of the National Spiritual Assembly.

Indirect emissions include all emissions that result from the use or purchase of a product.

Indirect Taxes, Harmonized system of Nomenclature :- Harmonized system of Nomenclature ( HSN ) is an internationally accepted product coding system formulated under the auspices of the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ).

" Indirect infringement can occur, for instance, when a device is claimed in a patent and a third party supplies a product which can only be reasonably used to make the claimed device.

Indirect Distribution comes in several forms: specialized software resellers, shrink-wrapped product located in a store or value added resellers ( VARs ) who combine software with another service.

Indirect branches can also depend on the value of a memory location.

Indirect taxes such as a sales tax or a value added tax ( VAT ) are imposed only if and when a taxable transaction occurs ; people have the freedom to engage in or refrain from such transactions ; whereas a direct tax is imposed upon a person, typically in an unconditional manner, such as a poll-tax or head-tax, which is imposed on the basis of the person's very life or existence, or a property tax which is imposed upon the owner by virtue of ownership, rather than commercial use.

Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: " Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law.

Indirect evidence for the giant impact scenario comes from rocks collected during the Apollo Moon landings, which show oxygen isotope ratios identical to those of Earth, which can be explained if the Earth – Moon system experienced turbulent mixing in the aftermath of the giant impact, as discussed above.

Instrumentation Amplifiers can also be designed using " Indirect Current-feedback Architecture ", which extend the operating range of these amplifiers to the negative power supply rail, and in some cases the positive power supply rail.

Indirect effect arises from the failure of a member state to implement a directiveeither correctly or at allbut where direct effect cannot apply because the party against whom the directive is sought to be enforced is a private entity or otherwise fails to meet the conditions which would give the directive direct effect.

Summary: this example is for an ADD Instruction which made Indirect where:

Belisarius leads an under strength expeditionary force in much more characteristic " Indirect approach " ways to the aid of the Persian empire which as a new ally had requested 4-5 times as many troops.

Indirect election is a process in which voters in an election do not actually choose between candidates for an office but rather elect persons who will then make the choice.

Indirect methods are by nature more subjective, as it becomes very difficult to determine which anomalies are proof of gene doping, and which are simply natural, though unusual, biological properties.

* Indirect Discourse, which in Classical Latin was achieved by using a subject accusative and infinitive, was now often simply replaced by new words for " that " such as quod, quia, or quoniam.

Indirect drive laser inertial confinement fusion uses a " hohlraum " which is irradiated with laser beam cones from either side on its inner surface to bathe a fusion microcapsule inside with smooth high intensity X-rays.

The other is Indirect Medical Direction, or Off-Line Medical Direction, which includes the development of a set of written instructions, known as Protocols.

* Indirect attack: A method of suppression in which the control line is located some considerable distance away from the fire ’ s active edge.

This was contrasted with British Indirect Rule, which never foresaw subject Protectorates becoming legally assimilated into " the home nations ".

Mahmood Mamdani and other academics have discussed extensively how both Direct and Indirect rule were attempts to implement identical goals of foreign rule, but how the " Indirect " strategy helped to create ethnic and racial cleavages within ruled societies which persist in hostile communal relations and dysfunctional strategies of government.

The strategy of Indirect Rule, which the British felt to be highly successful in controlling Hausa and Fulani populations in Northern Nigeria, was ineffective in a segmentary society like the Tiv ( Dorward 1969 ).

Indirect hierarchical links can extend " vertically " upwards or downwards via multiple links in the same direction, following a path.

Indirect realism, the view held by John Locke and Nicolas Malebranche, proposes that we can only be aware of mental representations of objects.

Indirect objects can be noun phrases or prepositional phrases.

Indirect fire can be used when the target is visible from the firing position.

Indirect damage to the sixth nerve can be caused by any process ( brain tumor, hydrocephalus, pseudotumor cerebri, hemorrhage, edema ) that exerts downward pressure on the brainstem, causing the nerve to stretch along the clivus.

Indirect laryngoscopy can be highly effective, but requires skill and practice for consistent results.

Indirect discrimination can be justified if there is “ objective justification ” for the rule, generally based on business necessity.

Indirect immunoperoxidase ( IIP ) is a modification of the standard IFA method that can be used with a light microscope, and the results of these tests are comparable to those from IFA.

Indirect climbs can also be made via Crinkle Crags, Esk Pike or Rossett Pike.

Indirect labor departments and jobs within a warehouse can include:

Anti-echinococcus antibodies can be detected with serodiagnostic tests e. g. Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ( IFA ) Test, CF ( complement fixation ), ELISA, Western Blot and other methods.

Indirect composites can have higher filler levels, and are cured for longer times.

Indirect dental composites can be used for:

* Indirect steam reheaters: the gas can also be heated with high-pressure steam in a heat exchanger.

Indirect evidence supporting Jaynes's theory that hallucinations once played an important role in human mentality can be found in the recent book Muses, Madmen, and Prophets: Rethinking the History, Science, and Meaning of Auditory Hallucination by Daniel Smith.

Indirect methods of estimating LAI in situ can be divided in two categories: ( 1 ) indirect contact LAI measurements such

Indirect photoionization can then occur when electron collisions with the excited atom eject an atomic electron.