Irish martingale joins the reins, seen here on a racehorse

The Irish martingale is not a true martingale in the sense of a device that affects the rider's control over the horse.

Unlike African Americans, women, Native Americans, Jews, the Irish, Italians, Asians, Hispanics, or any other cultural group which struggled for respect and equal rights, homosexuals had no physical or cultural markings, no language or dialect which could identify them to each other, or to anyone else ...

Unlike Europe, where the royal court, aristocratic families and the established church were in control, the American political culture was open to merchants, landlords, petty farmers, artisans, Anglicans, Presbyterians, Quakers, Germans, Scotch Irish, Yankees, Yorkers, and many other identifiable groups.

Unlike the Irish camán, it has no blade.

Unlike in Wales the indigenous Irish lords do not appear to have constructed their own castles in any significant number during the period.

Unlike Scotland, Irish tower houses were only defended with relatively light handguns and frequently reused older arrowloops, rather than more modern designs, to save money.

Unlike other street gangs whose business was petty crime, Luciano offered protection to Jewish youngsters from Italian and Irish gangs for ten cents per week.

Unlike the previous offices, which were simply head of government or prime minister, the President of the Republic was explicitly declared to be the Irish Republic's head of state.

Unlike Pegrum, who employed a traditional rock drumming style, Genockey favoured a more varied drumming style, influenced by both Irish and African drumming, in which he hit, brushed, and rubbed the various surfaces of his drums and cymbals, creating a more varied range of sounds.

Unlike Paddy, another derogatory term for an Irish person, Taig usually implies that the person has Irish nationalist sympathies.

Unlike the Polish mazurek, which may have an accent on the second or third beat of a bar, the Irish mazurka ( masúrca in the Irish language ) is consistently accented on the second beat, giving it a unique feel.

Unlike the First World War, when Irish farmers had made substantial profits selling food to Britain, in the Second World War, Britain imposed strict price controls on Irish agricultural imports.

Unlike the IRA campaign of the 1950s, this campaign was viewed as having considerable public support among Northern nationalists and for this reason, Irish governments did not introduce internment as they had previously, in the absence of a political settlement in Northern Ireland.

Unlike the other main Irish political parties, Labour does not trace its origins to the original Sinn Féin.

Unlike the regular pennywhistle, the low whistle is a relative newcomer to Irish traditional music, and some criticise it for attempting to fill a musical role already well served by the tin whistle and Irish flute.

Unlike many other European epic cycles, the Irish sagas were written in prose, with verse interpolations at moments of heightened tension or emotion.

Unlike many other more visibly nationalist poets who would follow later, he knew Irish well, and several of his poems are loose versions of Irish originals.

Unlike the latter, the 16th Division had no trained military Irish officers of its own, and were commanded by British officers, with the exception of Irish General William Hickie.

Unlike their 36th ( Ulster ) Division counterparts and the Ulster Volunteers who manned it with their own trained military reserve officers, the southern Volunteers possessed no officers with previous military experience with the result that the War Office had the 16th Division led by English officers, which with the exception of Irish General William Hickie, and the fact that the division did not have its own specific uniforms, was an unpopular decision.

However, there is a sense in which he was not leaving his native people, as the Irish Gaels had been colonizing the west coast of Scotland for the previous couple of centuries.

Casement had gone there from the United States the previous year with the support of Clan na Gael leader John Devoy, and after discussions with the German Ambassador in Washington, Count von Bernstorff, to try to recruit an " Irish Brigade " from among Irish prisoners of war and secure German support for Irish independence.

Green Party candidates have been elected to all levels of representation ; local, Dáil and European Parliament, and in 2007 the party gained its first representation in the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Northern Ireland party having become a region of the Irish party in the previous year.

The Cup currently has a $ 500, 000 bonus for the owner of the winner if it has also won the group one Irish St. Leger run the previous September.

The Irish Parliamentary Party dominated Irish politics, to the exclusion of the previous Liberal, Conservative and Unionist parties that had existed.

With a total point score of 7, 476 points, Thorpe broke the previous record of 7, 385 points set in 1909, ( also set at Celtic Park ), by Martin Sheridan, the champion athlete of the Irish American Athletic Club.

The office of President of the Executive Council came into being with the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, replacing the previous offices of President of the Irish Republic and Chairman of the Provisional Government.

According to this account, the previous inhabitants, a few Irish monks, known as the Papar, left the island since they did not want to live with pagan Norsemen.

This included the multi-racial descendants of the previous minority demographic groups ( Black, Irish and Native American ), as well as the occasional Jew, Persian, East Asian or other non-White and non-Black Bermudian.

The turnout itself was low ( 34 %), partly a result of the failure of the major Irish political parties to mount a strong campaign on the issue, presuming that the Irish electorate would pass the Treaty as all previous such Treaties had been passed by big majorities.

Tip-bearers on the other hand produce most of their fruit buds at the tips of slender shoots grown the previous summer, and include the apples Worcester Pearmain and Irish Peach, and the pears such as Jargonelle and Josephine de Malines.

Similarly, after the end of the Irish Civil War, the new Irish state took early action to extend and strengthen the previous British legislation to protect Irish national monuments.

President of the Republic was the title given to the head of the Irish ministry or Aireacht in August 1921 by an amendment to the Dáil Constitution, which replaced the previous title, Príomh Aire or President of Dáil Éireann.

By the Act of Union of 1800, the previous personal union with the Irish crown was replaced by a political union.

The Lord Mayor of Dublin is still styled the Right Honourable, as previous lord mayors of Dublin were ex-officio members of the former Irish Privy Council until its abolition in 1922.

In 1908 Healy acted as counsel for Sir Arthur Vicars, former Ulster King of Arms, in connection with the 1908 investigation of the previous year's theft of the Irish Crown Jewels.

Mylne's influence on British architecture was limited, although the Irish architect Thomas Cooley ( 1740 – 1784 ) was Mylne's clerk at Blackfriars, and later produced designs which show the influence of Mylne's competition-winning Rome design.

Over the years, several houses have stood on the site, the present building is a neo-classical mansion built by Sir Charles Coote ( 1792 – 1864 ) in the 1820s to designs by the leading Irish architects, Richard ( 1767 – 1849 ) and William Vitruvius Morrison ( 1794 – 1838 ).

Design sources liberally plundered by the Morrisons include Percier and Fontaine ’ s Palais, Maisons et autres Edificies Modernes ( 1798 ) and Iberian Moorish designs as engraved by the Irish artist James Cavanagh-Murphy ( 1750 – 1814 ).

The aim of Falkland was to set up a plantation in Wicklow on the confiscated estates of the Byrnes, but as his designs were disapproved of by the commissioners of Irish causes, the king appointed a committee of the Irish privy council to investigate the matter more fully.

Indeed, while his buildings could be spare and crisp in their principal masses, he often punctuated their plain surfaces with eruptions of lush Art Nouveau and something like Celtic Revival decorations, usually cast in iron or terra cotta, and ranging from organic forms like vines and ivy, to more geometric designs, and interlace, inspired by his Irish design heritage.

The Late Bronze Age of 900-600 BC saw the peak of the surviving Irish prehistoric goldsmithing, with superbly worked pieces in simple but very sophisticated designs, notably in a type of dress-fastener that looks like a double-ended trumpet curved round so that the two bell mouths are roughly pointing in the same direction.

In the early 1920s, the Irish government created a committee headed by Senator W. B. Yeats to determine designs suitable for the coins.

The committee decided that people associated with " the present time " should not feature in any designs, no doubt due to the political divisions which had led to the Irish Civil War.

Instead of fine curls or volutes of gold thread, the Irish filigree is varied by numerous designs by which one thread can be traced through curious knots and complications, which, disposed over large surfaces, balance one another, but always with special varieties and arrangements difficult to trace with the eye.

As Irish missionaries began to spread the word of the Gospels they needed books, and almost from the start, they began to embellish their texts with artwork drawing from the designs of these metalworking traditions.

Almost immediately after the Greek bouzouki's initial introduction new designs built specifically for Irish traditional music were developed.