The Jewish Encyclopedia suggests two possible accounts of Aaron's death.

* Jewish Encyclopedia: Arianism

* Portions of this article have been taken from the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1906.

** The Jewish Encyclopedia ( Jewish Encyclopedia: Apollos )

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia on David descendant Jehoash of Judah: In Rabbinical Literature: As the extermination of the male descendants of David was a divine retribution for the extermination of the priests because of David ( comp.

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia Abiathar was deposed from office when he was deserted by the Holy Spirit without which the Urim and Thummin could not be consulted.

* The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1908: Benjamin.

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, " a comparison of the Masoretic text with the Septuagint throws some light on the last phase in the history of the origin of the Book of Jeremiah, inasmuch as the translation into Greek was already under way before the work on the Hebrew book had come to an end ...

* ( Jewish Encyclopedia ) Book of Jeremiah article

* Book of Judges article ( Jewish Encyclopedia )

* Jewish Encyclopedia

* Books of Kings article ( Jewish Encyclopedia )

* Jewish Encyclopedia

Scholars agree that the introductory and concluding sections of the book, the framing devices, were composed to set the central poem into a prose " folk-book ", as the compilers of the Jewish Encyclopedia expressed it.

* Jewish Encyclopedia: Job ; Book of Job

* Jewish Encyclopedia: Book of Hosea

* Jewish Encyclopedia: Barnabas

Portrait of Sabato Morais, from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia.

* Jewish Encyclopedia: Christianity in its Relation to Judaism

* Jewish Encyclopedia: New Testament: For and Against the Law

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, the large number of people claimed to have been killed by the Jews is an improbability ; " Perhaps the most striking point against the historical value of the Book of Esther is the remarkable decree permitting the Jews to massacre their enemies and fellow subjects during a period of two days.

Ezra is written to fit a schematic pattern in which the God of Israel inspires a king of Persia to commission a leader from the Jewish community to carry out a mission ; three successive leaders carry out three such missions, the first rebuilding the Temple, the second purifying the Jewish community, and the third sealing of the holy city itself behind a wall.

The combined book Ezra-Nehemiah of the earliest Christian and Jewish period was known as Ezra and was probably attributed to him ; according to a rabbinic tradition, however, Nehemiah was the real author but was forbidden to claim authorship because of his bad habit of disparaging others.

Ezra led a large body of exiles back to Jerusalem, where he discovered that Jewish men had been marrying non-Jewish women.

The first century Jewish historian, Josephus, deals with Ezra in his Antiquities of the Jews.

Gosta W. Ahlstrom argues the inconsistencies of the biblical tradition are insufficient to say that Ezra, with his central position as the ' father of Judaism ' in the Jewish tradition, has been a later literary invention.

The early 2nd century BCE Jewish author Ben Sira praises Nehemiah, but makes no mention of Ezra.

11th to 12th century grammarians of the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain included Judah ben David Hayyuj, Jonah ibn Janah, Abraham ibn Ezra, Joseph Kimhi, Moses Kimhi and David Kimhi.

The careers of Ezra and Nehemiah in the 5th century BCE were thus a kind of religious colonisation in reverse, an attempt by one of the many Jewish factions in Babylon to create a self-segregated, ritually pure society inspired by the prophesies of Ezekiel and his followers.

Elaborating on this theme are numerous early and late Jewish scholars, including the Ramban, Isaac Abrabanel, Abraham Ibn Ezra, Rabbeinu Bachya, the Vilna Gaon, the Lubavitcher Rebbe, the Ramchal, Aryeh Kaplan, and Rebbetzin Esther Jungreis.

Regular public reading of the Torah was introduced by Ezra the Scribe after the return of the Jewish people from the Babylonian captivity ( c. 537 BCE ), as described in the Book of Nehemiah.

* Moses ibn Ezra, Jewish philosopher, poet, and linguist from Spain

Artaxerxes (, ) commissioned Ezra, a Jewish priest ( kohen ) and scribe, by means of a letter of decree ( see Cyrus's edict ), to take charge of the ecclesiastical and civil affairs of the Jewish nation.

Together, these two men led the first wave of Jewish returnees from exile and began to rebuild the Temple ( Ezra ).

According to the Bible, when the Jewish exiles returned to Jerusalem following a decree from Cyrus the Great ( Ezra 1: 1-4, 2 Chron 36: 22-23 ), construction started at the original site of Solomon's Temple, which had remained a devastated heap during the approximately 70 years of captivity ( Dan.

After a relatively brief halt due to opposition from peoples who had filled the vacuum during the Jewish captivity ( Ezra 4 ), work resumed c. 521 BCE under the Persian King Darius ( Ezra 5 ) and was completed during the sixth year of his reign ( c. 518 / 517 BCE ), with the temple dedication taking place the following year.

After the building of the Second Temple in the time of Ezra the Scribe, the houses of study and worship remained important secondary institutions in Jewish life.

The problem in Ezra and Nehemiah occurred because Jewish men married women from the various nations without their first converting to Judaism.

* The Jewish priest Ezra assembles and leads a band of approximately 5, 000 Jews from Babylon to Jerusalem.

Some more unorthodox interpretations of the ark narrative also surfaced: the 12th-century Jewish commentator Abraham ibn Ezra interpreted the ark as being a vessel that remained underwater for 40 days, after which it floated to the surface.

Opened in 1931, the hotel was built with locally quarried pink limestone and was founded by Ezra Mosseri, a wealthy Egyptian Jewish banker.

Half the construction costs were paid by Ezra Mosseri, an affluent Egyptian Jewish banker and director of the National Bank of Egypt, and another 46 % by other wealthy Cairo Jews.