Proposals to allow divorce were put by referendum by two Fine Gael – led governments, in 1986 under FitzGerald, and in 1995 under John Bruton, passing very narrowly on this second attempt.

* July 23 – At the Battle of Callann, the Normans, under John FitzGerald, 1st Baron Desmond, are defeated by the Gaelic forces of Fínghin Mac Carthaigh, King of Desmond.

This statement was criticised by the other leaders who forged the New-Ireland Forum, John Hume, Garret FitzGerald and Dick Spring.

Lemass remains one of the most highly regarded of Taoisigh, being described even by later Fine Gael Taoisigh Garret FitzGerald and John Bruton as the best holder of the office, and the man whose cabinet leadership style they wished to follow.

Grattan had married in 1782 Henrietta Fitzgerald, the daughter of Nicholas Fitzgerald of County Mayo ( d. 1761 ), a son of John FitzGerald and Elizabeth Browne.

Other Anglo-Irish scientists include George Johnstone Stoney, Thomas Romney Robinson, James MacCullagh, Edward Sabine, Thomas Andrews, William Parsons, George Salmon, George FitzGerald, and in the 20th century, John Joly and Ernest Walton.

Former Taoiseach and Fine Gael leader John Bruton said FitzGerald would ; stand out as a man who changed Ireland and that he had changed attitudes to in the Republic to Northern Ireland and to Europe and that he saw that Ireland could do best in Europe if it contributed creatively to goals and ambitions of other members.

From 1856 to 1874 Norton spent much time in travel and residence on the continent of Europe and in England, and it was during this period that his friendships began with Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Edward FitzGerald and Leslie Stephen, an intimacy which did much to bring American and English men of letters into close personal relation.

The earldom was created in 1316 for John FitzGerald.

* John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare ( 1250 – 1316 ), already 4th Lord of Offaly, was rewarded for serving Edward Longshanks, King of England in Scotland

** John FitzGerald ( 1314 – 1323 ), eldest son of the 2nd Earl, died in childhood

* John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare ( de jure ; d. 1427 ), a younger son of the 4th Earl

* John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare ( 1661 – 1707 ), only son of the 17th Earl, died without surviving issue

The heir presumptive is the 8th Duke's younger son Lord John FitzGerald ( b. 1952 )

# Lord John FitzGerald ( b. 1952 ) ( younger son of the 8th Duke )

# Edward FitzGerald ( b. 1988 ) ( only son of Lord John )

The coat of arms of the Dukes of Leinster derives from the legend that John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare, as a baby in Woodstock Castle, was trapped in a fire when a pet monkey rescued him.

He is Fine Gael's first Taoiseach since John Bruton from 1994 to 1997, and the first Fine Gael leader to win government in an election since Garret FitzGerald in 1982.

Noonan has been a minister in every Fine Gael-led government since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny.

When FitzGerald resigned as Fine Gael leader after 1987 general election Barry was one of three candidates ( along with Alan Dukes and John Bruton ) who contested the leadership of Fine Gael.

John Fitzgerald, John FitzGerald, John Fitz Gerald, John Fitz-Gerald or variant, may refer to:

* John FitzGerald, 15th Knight of Kerry ( 1706 – 1741 ), Irish MP for Dingle

In American history important spokesmen included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur ( 1735 – 1813 ), and John Taylor of Caroline ( 1753 – 1824 ) in the early national period.

* John ( 1331 – 1358 ), Lord of Elche, Biel and Bolsa, married in 1355 to Isabel Núñez de Lara and was killed by order of his cousin Pedro of Castile.

* John Philoponus: On Aristotle On the Intellect ( de Anima 3. 4-8 ), translated by W. Charlton.

* John Wallace de Beque Farris, Canadian senator

Dutch national first-team players Ryan Babel, Wesley Sneijder, Rafael van der Vaart, Maarten Stekelenburg, Eljero Elia, André Ooijer, John Heitinga and Nigel de Jong had also came through the ranks at Ajax and all are now playing for top-flight clubs.

* 1296 – First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol's Scots army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar.

In 1961, President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy of the United States paid their respects at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, accompanied by French President Charles de Gaulle.

The title of Baron Abergavenny, in the Nevill family, dates from Edward Nevill, 3rd Baron Bergavenny ( d. 1476 ), who was the youngest son of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland by his second wife Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster.

* Jürgen Klötgen, Prieuré d ' Abergavenny – Tribulations mancelles en Pays de Galles au temps du Pape Jean XXII ( d ' après des documents français et anglais du XIV ° siècle collationnés avec une source d ' histoire retrouvée aux Archives Secrètes du Vatican ), in Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine, Le Mans, 1989, p. 65 – 88 ( 1319: cf John of Hastings, Lord of Abergavenny ; Adam de Orleton, Bishop of Hereford, John of Monmouth, Bishop of Llandaff ).

* 1955 – John de Mol, Dutch media businessman

* Briggs, Xavier de Souza, Anita Miller and John Shapiro.

In the late 1950s she shared an exchange which was called " la croisée de deux sillages " (" the crossing of two wakes ") with actor and true-crime author John Gilmore, then an actor in France who was working on a New Wave film with Jean Seberg.

Big Brother is a reality television franchise created by John de Mol.

Jean Froissart states as follows: " Now will I name some of the principal lords and knights ( men-at-arms ) that were there with the prince: the earl of Warwick, the earl of Suffolk, the earl of Salisbury, the earl of Oxford, the lord Raynold Cobham, the lord Spencer, the lord James Audley, the lord Peter his brother, the lord Berkeley, the lord Basset, the lord Warin, the lord Delaware, the lord Manne, the lord Willoughby, the lord Bartholomew de Burghersh, the lord of Felton, the lord Richard of Pembroke, the lord Stephen of Cosington, the lord Bradetane and other Englishmen ; and of Gascon there was the lord of Pommiers, the lord of Languiran, the captal of Buch, the lord John of Caumont, the lord de Lesparre, the lord of Rauzan, the lord of Condon, the lord of Montferrand, the lord of Landiras, the lord Soudic of Latrau and other ( men-at-arms ) that I cannot name ; and of Hainowes the lord Eustace d ' Aubrecicourt, the lord John of Ghistelles, and two other strangers, the lord Daniel Pasele and the lord Denis of Amposta, a fortress in Catalonia ".

One of the chief commanders at both Crecy and Poitiers was John de Vere, Earl of Oxford, mentioned above.

This consisted of almost 300 pieces of objets d ' art et de vertu which included exquisite examples of jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass and maiolica, among them the Holy Thorn Reliquary, probably created in the 1390s in Paris for John, Duke of Berry.

Cognitive science has a pre-history traceable back to ancient Greek philosophical texts ( see Plato's Meno ); and certainly must include writers such as Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Benedict de Spinoza, Nicolas Malebranche, Pierre Cabanis, Leibniz and John Locke.

Pope John Paul II felt that, “ de facto free unions, i. e., those unions without any publicly recognized institutional bond, are an increasing concern .” As for the Jewish perspective, “ For example, normative Judaism forcefully rejects the claim that never marrying is an equally valid lifestyle to marriage.

Otto III not only intended to be crowned Emperor but also to come to the aid of Pope John XV, who had been forced to flee Rome by the city's de facto ruler Crescentius II.

By 1635, it was apparent that Ussher had lost de facto control of the church to John Bramhall, Bishop of Derry, in everyday matters, and to Laud in matters of policy.

John McLoughlin, Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company, headquartered at Fort Vancouver, was the de facto local political authority for most of this time.

In observing the interconnected lives of some of the island's most influential residents, John learns that Bokonon himself was at one point a de facto ruler of the island, along with a US Marine deserter.

John VI ( Portuguese: Dom João VI ; – ) was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1816 to 1822, and, although de facto the United Kingdom over which he ruled ceased to exist, he remained so de jure from 1822 to 1825 ; after the recognition of Brazilian independence under the 1825 Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, he continued as King of Portugal and the Algarves until his death in 1826.

Former keyboardist John Evan and organist David Palmer were de facto fired from the group, and former bassist John Glascock died soon after the recording of Stormwatch, which caused drummer Barriemore Barlow to leave the band in depression.

As John Stuart Mill, writing in the 1860s said, " she could acquire no property but for him, the instant it becomes hers even if by inheritance, it becomes ipso facto his.

In 1903-1904, under orders from Curzon, Younghusband, jointly with John Claude White, the Political Officer for Sikkim, led a British expedition to Tibet, whose putative aim was to settle disputes over the Sikkim-Tibet border ; the expedition controversially became ( by exceeding instructions from London ) a de facto invasion of Tibet.

Organized in 1968, the mysterious Roman Catholic-oriented anarchist Montoneros had already carried out the murder of former de facto President Pedro Aramburu, popular CGT union Secretary General José Ignacio Rucci, construction workers ' union leader Rogelio Coria, former Interior Minister Arturo Mor Roig, and U. S. Consul John Egan, among other murders and kidnappings.

The upshot of infantry clashes on the Plaine des Jarres was a directive from U. S. President John F. Kennedy in May 1961 that the U. S. Ambassador to Laos would serve as the de facto military commander in Laos.

In 1859, Moldavia and Wallachia elected the same ruler – Alexander John Cuza ( who reigned as Domnitor ) and were thus unified de facto.

Macquarie ruled the colony as an enlightened despot, breaking the power of the Army officers such as John Macarthur, who had been the colony's de facto ruler since Bligh's overthrow.

As the “ de facto King of Castile ,” it was feared that John of Gaunt could challenge King John ’ s claim to the newly-installed dynasty.

Sir John Child, 1st Baronet ( died 1690 ) was a governor of Bombay, and de facto ( although not officially ) the first governor-general of the British settlements in India.

* James FitzGerald, de jure 12th Earl of Desmond ( d. 1540 ) ( grandson of Thomas FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Desmond, grandnephew of John FitzGerald, de facto 12th Earl of Desmond )

* James FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond ( d. 1558 ) ( son of John FitzGerald, de facto 12th Earl of Desmond )

She was succeeded in the duchy by her son John I, but Peter remained the de facto ruler of Brittany until 1237.

) – 21 October 1554 ) was an English nobleman and the heir of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, leading minister and de facto ruler under Edward VI of England from 1550 – 1553.

* John Crosby ( 1957 – 2000, de facto principal conductor )

" John Hoberman, a professor at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas, said six-day races were " de facto experiments investigating the physiology of stress as well as the substances that might alleviate exhaustion.

The de facto leader of the Puritans was John Rainolds ( sometimes Reynolds ), the president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.