* 1979 Lenin, the Philosopher: Sterling Publishers, New Delhi

The Bolsheviks, founded by Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov, were by 1905 a mass organization consisting primarily of workers under a democratic internal hierarchy governed by the principle of democratic centralism, who considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary working class of Russia.

Lenin wanted members " who recognise the Party Programme and support it by material means and by personal participation in one of the party's organisations.

Although at first the disagreement appeared to be minor and inspired by personal conflicts, for example, Lenin's insistence on dropping less active editorial board members from Iskra or Martov's support for the Organizing Committee of the Congress which Lenin opposed, the differences quickly grew and the split became irreparable.

The founder of Russian Marxism, Georgy Plekhanov, who was at first allied with Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks, parted ways with them by 1904.

With most Bolshevik leaders either supporting Bogdanov or undecided by mid-1908 when the differences became irreconcilable, Lenin concentrated on undermining Bogdanov's reputation as a philosopher.

It was created on December 20, 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin, and was subsequently led by aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.

Originally, the members of the Cheka were exclusively Bolshevik ; however, in January 1918, the Left SRs also joined the organization The Left SRs were expelled or arrested later in 1918, following the attempted assassination of Lenin by an SR, Fanni Kaplan.

Lenin himself seemed unfazed by the killings.

On 14 May 1921, the Politburo, chaired by Lenin, passed a motion " broadening the rights of the in relation to the use of the penalty.

The 11th Party Congress would prove to be the last congress chaired by Lenin, he suffered one stroke in May 1922, was paralysed by a second in December later that year, was removed from public life in March 1923 and died on 21 January 1924.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Lenin regarded colonialism as the root cause of imperialism, as imperialism was distinguished by monopoly capitalism via colonialism and as Lyal S. Sunga explains: " Vladimir Lenin advocated forcefully the principle of self-determination of peoples in his " Theses on the Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination " as an integral plank in the programme of socialist internationalism " and he quotes Lenin who contended that " The right of nations to self-determination implies exclusively the right to independence in the political sense, the right to free political separation from the oppressor nation.

The first law was seen by both Hegel and Vladimir Lenin as the central feature of a dialectical understanding of things and originates with the ancient Ionian philosopher Heraclitus.

The Institute of Marxist-Leninist Studies, led by Hoxha's wife Nexhmije, quoted Vladimir Lenin: " The fundamental principle of the foreign policy of a socialist country and of a Communist party is proletarian internationalism ; not peaceful coexistence.

Recent film releases such as Run Lola Run by Tom Tykwer, Good Bye Lenin!

From the outset, this new republic held that film would be the most ideal propaganda tool for the Soviet Union because of its widespread popularity among the established citizenry of the new land ; Vladimir Lenin, in fact, declared it the most important medium for educating the masses in the ways, means and successes of Communism, a position which was later echoed by Joseph Stalin.

However Mussolini later became unimpressed by Lenin, regarding Lenin as merely a new version of Tsar Nicholas.

This move was opposed by Anton Pannekoek and Karl Leibknecht within the SPD and by others in the International such as Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin, some of whom participated in the ' Paris Commission ' set up by the International.

She disagreed with Vladimir Lenin on important points of Communist theory and strategy and was supportive of " left communists " such as Anton Pannekoek.

Many famous people, such as Konstantin Stanislavsky, Anton Chekhov, Valery Bryusov, Boris Pasternak, Anna Akhmatova, Isaac Levitan, Pavel Tretyakov, Marina Tsvetaeva, and Vladimir Lenin, lived here.

The mainstream Marxist critique of such a position began with Lenin ’ s Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder, which attacked those ( such as Pannekoek or Sylvia Pankhurst ) in the nascent Communist International who refused to work with parliamentary or reformist socialists.

Aristotle is referred to as " The Philosopher " by Scholastic thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas.

One of these was Polish Philosopher Alfred Korzybski's General semantics, which was espoused in the US by Stuart Chase.

His operatic works include two of the most successful musical comedies of the eighteenth century, Il filosofo di campagna ( The Country Philosopher ), set by Galuppi ( 1752 ) and La buona figliuola ( The Good Girl ), set by Niccolò Piccinni ( 1760 ).

* Il filosofo di campagna ( The Country Philosopher ) by Galuppi ( 1752 )

* The Artist, The Philosopher and the Warrior by Paul Strathern

Naturalistic dualism comes from Australian Philosopher, David Chalmers ( born 1966 ) who argues there is an explanatory gap between objective and subjective experience that cannot be bridged by reductionism because consciousness is, at least, logically autonomous of the physical properties upon which it supervenes.

) Philosopher Simon Blackburn wrote a rejoinder to Stove, though a subsequent essay by Stove's protegee James Franklin's suggested that Blackburn's response actually " confirms Stove's central thesis that Darwinism can ' explain ' anything.

Philosopher of science Karl Popper, in his Conjectures and Refutations, critiqued such claims of the explanatory power or valid application of historical materialism by arguing that it could explain or explain away any fact brought before it, making it unfalsifiable.

Philosopher Gottfried Leibniz said that love is " to be delighted by the happiness of another.

That fact has been confirmed explicitly by the papal letter Industriae tuae ( 880 ) approving the use of Old Church Slavonic, which says that the alphabet was " invented by Constantine the Philosopher ".

Philosopher of Jewish Enlightenment in Prussia ( Haskalah ), honoured by his friend Lessing in his drama as Nathan the Wise.

After the burning of the Tuileries Palace on May 23, 1871, Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche himself meditated about the " fight against culture ", wondering what could justify culture if it were to be destroyed in such a " senseless " manner ( the arguments are: culture is justified by works of art and scientific achievements ; exploitation is necessary to those achievements, leading to the creation of exploited people who then fight against culture.

Famous scholastics such as Aquinas believed him to be so important they did not refer to him by name, simply calling him " The Commentator " and calling Aristotle " The Philosopher.

* " Celebrating CUNY's Genius Philosopher " by Gary Shapiro, The New York Sun, January 27, 2006.

* Celebrating CUNY's Genius Philosopher, by Gary Shapiro, January 27, 2006, in The New York Sun.

From 9th to 11th Philosopher level, the student is expected to understand the mental, and spiritual, elements of the style, and should contribute back to the style by searching for weaknesses and suggesting improvements in teaching methods, techniques, and drills.

Philosopher David Hume presented grounds to doubt deduction by questioning induction.

Philosopher Leo Strauss underscores that the Sicilian expedition surpassed everything undertaken by Pericles.

Two tragedies by Euripides, Melanippe The Prisoner and Melanippe The Philosopher, were dedicated to this character.

Angus Og appears in the Irish poet and novelist James Stephens's novel The Crock of Gold, where his aid is solicited by the Philosopher.

He received the title of “ Plato's Philosopher King ” by the Greek refugees that he allowed into his empire because of his great interest in Platonic philosophy.

The assassin's first appearance in Serbian sources is in the biography of Stefan Lazarević, Lazar's son, by Constantine the Philosopher, written in the 1440s.