Liquid oxygen is used as an oxidizer of hydrogen, but oxygen is not, strictly speaking, a fuel.

Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet.

Liquid hydrogen and oxygen were also used in the Space Shuttle to run the fuel cells that power the electrical systems.

* Liquid oxygen and kerosene or RP-1

* Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen

Liquid nitrogen may be produced for direct sale, or as a byproduct of manufacture of liquid oxygen used for industrial processes such as steelmaking.

Liquid oxygen — abbreviated LOx, LOX or Lox in the aerospace, submarine and gas industries — is one of the physical forms of elemental oxygen.

Liquid oxygen has a pale blue color and is strongly paramagnetic and can be suspended between the poles of a powerful horseshoe magnet.

Liquid oxygen has a density of 1. 141 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup > ( 1. 141 kg / L ) and is cryogenic with a freezing point of 50. 5 K (− 368. 77 ° F ; − 222. 65 ° C ) and a boiling point of 90. 19 K (− 297. 33 ° F, − 182. 96 ° C ) at 101. 325 kPa ( 760 mmHg ).

Liquid oxygen has an expansion ratio of 1: 861 at 20 ° C ( 68 ° F ); and because of this, it is used in some commercial and military aircraft as a source of breathing oxygen.

Liquid oxygen is also a very powerful oxidizing agent: organic materials will burn rapidly and energetically in liquid oxygen.

Liquid nitrogen has a lower boiling point at − 196 ° C ( 77 K ) than oxygen's − 183 ° C ( 90 K ), and vessels containing liquid nitrogen can condense oxygen from air: when most of the nitrogen has evaporated from such a vessel there is a risk that liquid oxygen remaining can react violently with organic material.

Liquid oxygen is obtained from the oxygen found naturally in air by fractional distillation in a cryogenic air separation plant.

Liquid oxygen is a common liquid oxidizer propellant for spacecraft rocket applications, usually in combination with liquid hydrogen or kerosene.

Liquid oxygen is useful in this role because it creates a high specific impulse.

Liquid oxygen was also used in some early ICBMs, although more modern ICBMs do not use liquid oxygen because its cryogenic properties and need for regular replenishment to replace boiloff make it harder to maintain and launch quickly.

Liquid and gaseous biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel ( a form of diesel fuel that is produced from crops that yield triglycerides such as soybean oil ), can also be used.

Liquid extracts are liquids with a lower ethanol percentage than tinctures.

This does not require oxygen ; if no oxygen is available ( or the cell cannot use oxygen ), the NAD is restored by converting the pyruvate to lactate ( lactic acid ) ( e. g., in humans ) or to ethanol plus carbon dioxide ( e. g., in yeast ).

For example, water is always composed of a 2: 1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms, and ethyl alcohol or ethanol is always composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2: 6: 1 ratio.

The A-4 used a 75 % ethanol / water mixture for fuel and liquid oxygen ( LOX ) for oxidizer.

When the oxygen is depleted, fermentation begins, producing ethanol as a waste product ; however, this evaporates during baking.

Plants and fungi ( e. g., yeasts ) in general use alcohol ( ethanol ) fermentation when oxygen becomes limiting:

Pixel attempting level 1-white tanks are insulated and contain liquid oxygen, grey tanks contain ethanol

Production of high levels of heat shock proteins can also be triggered by exposure to different kinds of environmental stress conditions, such as infection, inflammation, exercise, exposure of the cell to toxins ( ethanol, arsenic, trace metals, and ultraviolet light, among many others ), starvation, hypoxia ( oxygen deprivation ), nitrogen deficiency ( in plants ), or water deprivation.

Acetobacter is a genus of acetic acid bacteria characterized by the ability to convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen.

* liquid oxygen ( LOX ) and alcohol ( ethanol, C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub > OH ) – early liquid fueled rockets, like German ( World War II ) A4, aka V-2, and Redstone

During combustion ethanol reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat:

When ethanol is burned in the atmosphere rather than in pure oxygen, other chemical reactions occur with different components of the atmosphere such as nitrogen ( N < sub > 2 </ sub >).

In ethanol, C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub > OH, for instance, the hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen is denoted by the symbol H, whereas the hydrogen atoms which are bonded to carbon atoms are not shown directly.

Among these new parts are the intake and exhaust valves and sealants made with new materials, the first ring of pistons made with anodized steel, more resistand connecting rods, fuel injectors suitable for use in ethanol and double-layer exhaust gas oxygen to increase the moisture resistance of the fuel.

Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, ethanol fermentation is classified as anaerobic.

This is because exposure to oxygen would prevent the formation of ethanol.

Example of detoxification are: Administration of chelators for heavy metal poisoning, hyperbaric oxygen treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning and treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with ethanol.

It is essentially a modified version of their nuclear propulsion system with heat being generated by ethanol and oxygen.

Specifically, a conventional steam turbine power plant is powered by steam generated from the combustion of ethanol ( grain alcohol ) and stored oxygen at a pressure of 60 atmospheres.

Methods for regeneration of molecular sieves include pressure change ( as in oxygen concentrators ), heating and purging with a carrier gas ( as when used in ethanol dehydration ), or heating under high vacuum.

: Fuel: ethanol and liquid oxygen.

In December 1934 von Braun scored another success with the flight of the A2 ( A for Aggregat ) rocket, a small model powered by ethanol and liquid oxygen, with work on the design continuing in an attempt to improve reliability.