Liquid oxygen is used as an oxidizer of hydrogen, but oxygen is not, strictly speaking, a fuel.

Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet.

Liquid hydrogen and oxygen were also used in the Space Shuttle to run the fuel cells that power the electrical systems.

* Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen

* Liquid oxygen and ethanol

Liquid nitrogen may be produced for direct sale, or as a byproduct of manufacture of liquid oxygen used for industrial processes such as steelmaking.

Liquid oxygen — abbreviated LOx, LOX or Lox in the aerospace, submarine and gas industries — is one of the physical forms of elemental oxygen.

Liquid oxygen has a pale blue color and is strongly paramagnetic and can be suspended between the poles of a powerful horseshoe magnet.

Liquid oxygen has a density of 1. 141 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup > ( 1. 141 kg / L ) and is cryogenic with a freezing point of 50. 5 K (− 368. 77 ° F ; − 222. 65 ° C ) and a boiling point of 90. 19 K (− 297. 33 ° F, − 182. 96 ° C ) at 101. 325 kPa ( 760 mmHg ).

Liquid oxygen has an expansion ratio of 1: 861 at 20 ° C ( 68 ° F ); and because of this, it is used in some commercial and military aircraft as a source of breathing oxygen.

Liquid oxygen is also a very powerful oxidizing agent: organic materials will burn rapidly and energetically in liquid oxygen.

Liquid nitrogen has a lower boiling point at − 196 ° C ( 77 K ) than oxygen's − 183 ° C ( 90 K ), and vessels containing liquid nitrogen can condense oxygen from air: when most of the nitrogen has evaporated from such a vessel there is a risk that liquid oxygen remaining can react violently with organic material.

Liquid oxygen is obtained from the oxygen found naturally in air by fractional distillation in a cryogenic air separation plant.

Liquid oxygen is a common liquid oxidizer propellant for spacecraft rocket applications, usually in combination with liquid hydrogen or kerosene.

Liquid oxygen is useful in this role because it creates a high specific impulse.

Liquid oxygen was also used in some early ICBMs, although more modern ICBMs do not use liquid oxygen because its cryogenic properties and need for regular replenishment to replace boiloff make it harder to maintain and launch quickly.

* Liquid fuels blending ( producing automotive and aviation grades of gasoline, kerosene, various aviation turbine fuels, and diesel fuels, adding dyes, detergents, antiknock additives, oxygenates, and anti-fungal compounds as required ).

When burned with oxygen, hydrogen gives the highest specific impulse of any commonly used fuel: around 450 seconds, compared with up to 350 seconds for kerosene.

It will use kerosene as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxydizer.

This compares to 339. 3 sec for kerosene / liquid oxygen ( RD-180 ) and 452. 3 sec for hydrogen / oxygen ( Block II SSME ) bipropellant engines.

Upper stage specific impulses are somewhat greater: as much as 303. 8 sec for APCP ( Orbus 6E ), 359 sec for kerosene / oxygen ( RD-0124 ) and 465. 5 sec for hydrogen / oxygen ( RL10B-2 ).

The earliest ballistic missiles, such as the Soviet R-7 that launched Sputnik 1 and the US Atlas and Titan-1, used kerosene and liquid oxygen.

Each rocket engine generated more than, consuming more than three tons of kerosene and liquid oxygen per second.

Most rocket engines use light-weight fuels ( liquid hydrogen, oxygen, or kerosene ) accelerated to super-sonic speeds.

The R-7 was 34 m long, 3. 02 m in diameter and weighed 280 metric tons ; it was two-stage, powered by rocket engines using liquid oxygen ( LOX ) and kerosene and capable of delivering its payload at around 8, 800 km, with an accuracy ( CEP ) of around 5 km.

* Propellants: liquid oxygen ( LOX )/ kerosene

* Propellants: liquid oxygen ( LOX )/ kerosene

In total there were 89 trailer-truck loads of LOX ( liquid oxygen ), 28 trailer loads of LH2 ( liquid hydrogen ), and 27 rail cars of RP-1 ( refined kerosene ).

If a jet engine were to run in " reverse " in this context, it would take in ambient heat and exhaust fumes to generate kerosene and oxygen.

* liquid oxygen ( LOX ) and kerosene or RP-1 – Saturn V, Zenit rocket, R-7 Semyorka family of Soviet boosters which includes Soyuz, Delta, Saturn I, and Saturn IB first stages, Titan I and Atlas rockets

The type 4 was an attempt to modify the kaiten type 2 to be fuelled by the same kerosene and oxygen combination as the type 93, model 3 torpedo.

The propellant pair UDMH / N < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 4 </ sub > has a lower specific impulse than kerosene / liquid oxygen ; because the RD-270 uses the much more efficient full flow staged combustion cycle as opposed to the simple gas generator cycle used on the American F-1 rocket engine the specific impulse of RD-270 was higher than the comparable American F-1.

The conical shaping of the lower stages was due to the arrangement of the tanks within, a smaller spherical kerosene tank on top of the larger liquid oxygen tank below.

The F-1 was a liquid-fueled rocket motor, burning RP-1 ( kerosene ) as fuel, and using liquid oxygen ( LOX ) as the oxidizer.

* Antares Three stage rocket: kerosene / oxygen, solid-fuel, and hypergolic propellant ( in development )

rather than the RP-1 kerosene and liquid oxygen used in the Block 1 Falcon 9 upper stage, enabling much greater mass to be boosted into orbit.

Both stages of the Titan I used liquid oxygen and RP-1 ( kerosene ) as propellants.

Other Sprengel explosives used at various times include charcoal with liquid oxygen ( an oxyliquit ), " Rackarock ", and ANFO ammonium nitrate ( oxidiser ) mixed with a fuel oil ( fuel ), normally diesel kerosene or nitromethane.

One form of the fuel known as RP-1 is burned with liquid oxygen as rocket fuel.

In the initial phase of liftoff, the Saturn V launch vehicle was powered by the reaction of liquid oxygen with RP-1.

This was traced to the fact that there was 400 kg too much liquid oxygen and 410 kg too little RP-1.

Bipropellant liquid rockets generally use one liquid fuel and one liquid oxidizer, such as liquid hydrogen or a hydrocarbon fuel such as RP-1, and liquid oxygen.

The fuel pump produced 15, 471 gallons ( 58, 564 litres ) of RP-1 per minute while the oxidizer pump delivered 24, 811 gal ( 93, 920 l ) of liquid oxygen per minute.

The F-1 burned of liquid oxygen and of RP-1 each second, generating of thrust.

One form of the fuel known as RP-1 is burned with liquid oxygen as rocket fuel.

The first stage of Falcon 5 was to be powered by five Merlin engines and the upper stage by one Merlin engine, both burning RP-1 with a liquid oxygen oxidizer.

Merlin uses RP-1 and liquid oxygen as propellants in a gas-generator power cycle.

The kerosene ( RP-1 ) fuel tank, formerly 8 feet in diameter like the liquid oxygen tank, was a squat 4 meters, like the hydrogen tank.

The first stage was to be powered by a single enormous thrust engine burning RP-1 and liquid oxygen.

The CCB is 12. 5 ft ( 3. 8 m ) in diameter by 106. 6 ft ( 32. 5 m ) long and uses 627, 105 lb ( 284, 450 kg ) of liquid oxygen and RP-1 rocket fuel propellants.