Low business taxes-the maximum tax rate is 20 %-and easy incorporation rules have induced about 73, 700 holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30 % of state revenues.

; Low throughput: Due to varying load from other users sharing the same network resources, the bit rate ( the maximum throughput ) that can be provided to a certain data stream may be too low for realtime multimedia services if all data streams get the same scheduling priority.

Unlike Osaka or Kobe which rarely see significant snowfall during the winter, Toyooka, exposed to the northerly winter winds driven by the Siberian High and Aleutian Low, receives of snowfall per year, though melt rates are high even during the winter and the maximum cover on the ground is typically only and has never exceeded.

; Low gear ranges: Conventionally, automatic transmissions have selector positions that allow the driver to limit the maximum ratio that the transmission may engage.

Low income tenants can be charged a maximum rent of 30 % of the maximum eligible income, which is 60 % of the area's median income adjusted for household size as determined by HUD.

For example, in " Rock Crawl ", the suspension is raised to its maximum height and set to allow maximum wheel articulation, the differentials are locked, the driver is prompted to switch to Low Range, and the throttle response is altered to provide low-speed control.

Low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise is at a heart rate of approximately 50 to 70 % of your maximum heart rate.

Audio conformed to the ISO / IEC 13818-7 AAC LC ( Low Complexity ) profile, with maximum bitrate of 144 kbit / s and sampling rates up to 48 kHz.

Low flood levels are exacerbated by the construction of dams on the Niger river or it tributaries that retain the floodwater and thus attenuate the maximum height of the flood downstream.

Low oxygen conditions are at their worst in the late summer, after several months of limited flushing and maximum plankton production near the surface.

The services operating on the Low Power Open Narrowcasting system are permitted a maximum of 1 Watt transmitter power ( 1W pY ), AND are limited to a signal strength of-43dB at 2 km from the nominated site of the transmitter.

Often logic " 0 " will be a lower voltage and referred to as " Low " while logic " 1 " is referred to as " High ".

Low voltage reduces the specimen damage by the incident electrons and increases image contrast that is especially important for biological specimens.

Low voltage micrograph ( 300 V ) of distribution of adhesive droplets on Post-It ® note.

Low internal resistance allows NiMH cells to deliver a near-constant voltage until they are almost completely discharged.

Another is Scalable Low Voltage Signaling for 400 mV ( SLVS-400 ) specified in JEDEC JESD8-13 October 2001 where the power supply can be as low as 800 mV and common mode voltage is about 400 mV.

Low DC voltages were used ( on the order of 100 volts ) since that was a practical voltage for incandescent lamps, which were the primary electrical load.

Low voltage also required less insulation for safe distribution within buildings.

When the output regulated voltage must be higher than the available input voltage, no linear regulator will work, ( not even a Low dropout regulator ).

; Low voltage: Low voltage refers to electricity supplied to and derived from the house batteries, typically 12 volts DC.

Different types of wind turbine generators behave differently during transmission grid disturbances, so extensive modelling of the dynamic electromechanical characteristics of a new wind farm is required by transmission system operators to ensure predictable stable behaviour during system faults ( see: Low voltage ride through ).

The VCS3 has three oscillators ( in reality, the first 2 oscillators are normal oscillators and the 3rd an LFO or Low Frequency Oscillator ), a noise generator, two input amplifiers, a ring modulator, a 18dB / octave ( pre-1974 ) or 24dB / octave ( after 1974 ) voltage controlled low pass filter ( VCF ), a trapezoid envelope generator, joy-stick controller, voltage controlled spring reverb unit and 2 stereo output amplifiers.

Low line voltage can cause electro-mechanical relays to repeatedly turn off ( relay opens ) and on ( relay closes again ).

* Low voltage

* voltage class ( for dry-type ) – Low voltage distribution transformers or medium voltage distribution transformers

* Low voltage – less than 1000 volts, used for connection between a residential or small commercial customer and the utility.

Low voltage overhead lines may use either bare conductors carried on glass or ceramic insulators or an aerial bundled cable system.

* 1948 – Andy Fairweather Low, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist ( Amen Corner and Fair Weather )

* 1989 – Mallory Low, American actress

* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut ( according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty ).

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

A combination of deception and brilliant administration – designed to conceal his true destination from friend and foe alike – enabled Marlborough to march unhindered from the Low Countries to the River Danube in five weeks.

Marlborough could not attack Dillingen because of a lack of siege guns – he was unable to bring any from the Low Countries, and Baden had failed to supply any despite assurances to the contrary.

* EN 60335-2-50 Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2. 50: Particular requirements for commercial electric bains-marie ( 73 / 23 / EEC Low Voltage Directive )

Low levels of mobile penetration – which stand at 30 percent, a significantly lower percentage than in the rest of the continent – dampen the potential expansion of access to financial services through mobile technology.

* 1937 – Chuck Low, American actor

* 1987 – Alexander Gaskarth, American singer ( All Time Low )

* Middle Low German ( 14th – 16th century, during the heyday of the Hanseatic League ).

The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22 – 25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.

* 1979 – Josh Low, English footballer

The French Revolutionary Wars started in 1792 and ultimately featured spectacular French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine – achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries.

* 2008 – The London Low Emission Zone ( LEZ ) scheme begins to operate in the UK.

Around this time the center of political and social importance in the Low Countries started to shift from Flanders ( Bruges – Ghent ) to Brabant ( Antwerp – Brussels ), although Ghent would continue to play an important role.

Guy Fawkes ( 13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606 ), also known as Guido Fawkes, the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish in the Low Countries, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

* Lancaster University, Ultra Low Temperature Physics – includes a summary of some low temperature techniques

During this time Very Low Frequency ( 3 – 30 kHz ) signals will be reflected by the D layer instead of the E layer, where the increased atmospheric density will usually increase the absorption of the wave and thus dampen it.

* 1581 – Plakkaat van Verlatinghe ( Act of Abjuration ): the northern Low Countries declare their independence from the Spanish king, Philip II.