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* Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus ( 121 – 180 AD, stoic philosopher, Emperor in Latin, essayist in ancient Greek, role model of the last generation of classicists ( Cruttwell )
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Marcus and Aurelius
Again, Henley's attitude of defiance which colors his ideal of self-mastery is far from characteristic of a Stoic thinker like Marcus Aurelius, whose gentle acquiescence is almost Christian, comparable to the patience expressed in Milton's sonnet on his own blindness.
* Marcus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus ( died before 138 ); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
* Marcus Galerius Aurelius Antoninus ( died before 138 ); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
* Annia Galeria Faustina Minor or Faustina the Younger ( between 125 – 130 – 175 ), a future Roman Empress, married her maternal cousin, future Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in 146.
He acquired much favor with the Emperor Hadrian, who adopted him as his son and successor on 25 February 138, after the death of his first adopted son Lucius Aelius, on the condition that Antoninus would in turn adopt Marcus Annius Verus, the son of his wife's brother, and Lucius, son of Aelius Verus, who afterwards became the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
The emperor and his Augusta ( honorific ) | Augusta were deified after their death by Marcus Aurelius.
In this, the emperor was assisted by five chief lawyers: L. Fulvius Aburnius Valens, an author of legal treatises ; L. Volusius Maecianus, chosen to conduct the legal studies of Marcus Aurelius, and author of a large work on Fidei Commissa ( Testamentary Trusts ); L. Ulpius Marcellus, a prolific writer ; and two others.
Inevitably, the surviving evidence is not complete enough to determine whether one should interpret, with older scholars, that he wisely curtailed the activities of the Roman Empire to a careful minimum, or perhaps that he was uninterested in events away from Rome and Italy and his inaction contributed to the pressing troubles that faced not only Marcus Aurelius but also the emperors of the third century.
In the late 2nd century, the Historia Augusta mentions that in the rule of Marcus Aurelius ( 161-80 ), an alliance of lower Danube tribes including the Bastarnae, the Sarmatian Roxolani and the Costoboci took advantage of the emperor's difficulties on the upper Danube ( the Marcomannic Wars ) to invade Roman territory.
Ammianus Marcellinus rated this reverse with the most serious military disasters of the Roman Empire to his time: Varus ' defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, the incursions of the Marcomanni during the reign of Marcus Aurelius, and the Battle of Adrianople.
The Roman commanders, the proconsul Quintus Servilius Caepio and the consul Gnaeus Mallius Maximus, hindered Roman coordination and so the Cimbri succeeded in first defeating the legate Marcus Aurelius Scaurus and later inflicted a devastating defeat on Caepio and Maximus at the Battle of Arausio.
However, barbarian raids during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and removal of statues and other riches ( in effect looting ) by Constantine I caused it to decay.
Augustus, the first Emperor ( r. 27 BC – AD 14 ), had nominally shared power with his colleagues, and more formal offices of co-Emperor had existed from Marcus Aurelius ( r. 161 – 80 ) on.
The Stoic and Epicurean philosophers, The Complete Extant Writings of Epicurus, Epictetus, Lucretius and Marcus Aurelius.
The philosophy of Epictetus was an influence on the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius ( 121 to 180 AD ) whose reign was marked by wars with the resurgent Parthians in southern Asia and against the Germanic tribes in Europe.
Marcus and Antoninus
In 138, Hadrian resolved to adopt Antoninus Pius if he would in turn adopt Marcus Aurelius and Aelius ' son Lucius Verus as his own eventual successors.
To strengthen his legitimacy through further propaganda, Elagabalus assumed Caracalla's names, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
The Dialogue is a later work than the First Apology ; the date of composition of the latter, from the fact that it was addressed to Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, and Lucius Verus his adopted sons, must fall between 147 and 161.
For Marcus ' life and rule, the biographies of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus and Lucius Verus are largely reliable, but those of Aelius Verus and Avidius Cassius are full of fiction.
The first important expansion of the mysteries in the Empire seems to have happened quite quickly, late in the reign of Antoninus Pius and under Marcus Aurelius.
St Pius I governed the Church in the middle of the 2nd century during the reigns of the Emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.
* February 25 – Emperor Hadrian makes Antoninus Pius his successor, on condition that he adopts Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
* Lucius Septimius Bassianus ( Caracalla ), age 7, changed his name to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to solidify connections with the family of Marcus Aurelius and is given the title Caesar.
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