Although later rebuilt, Mazar stood in the shadow of its neighbor Balkh.

In the early 1990s, after the Soviet withdraw from Afghanistan, control of Mazar was contested by the Hazara milita Hezbe Wahdat, led by Hajji Mohammed Mohaqiq, the Tajik militia Jamiat-e Islami, led by Ahmad Shah Massoud and Burhanuddin Rabbani, and the Uzbek militia Jumbesh-e Melli led by Abdul Rashid Dostum.

Under Dostum's 5 year rule from the early 1990s to early 1997, Mazar was an oasis of peace.

This peace was shattered in May 1997, when he was betrayed by one of his generals, Abdul Malik Pahlawan, forcing him to flee from Mazar as the Taliban were getting ready to take the city.

Between May and July 1997, the Taliban unsuccessfully attempted to take Mazar, leading to approximately 3, 000 Taliban soldiers being executed or massacred by Abdul Malik and his Shia followers.

It was this capture of Mazar, the last major city in Afghanistan to fall to the Taliban, that prompted Pakistan's recognition of the Taliban regime.

The Taliban's defeat in Mazar quickly turned into a rout from the rest of the north and west of Afghanistan.

On November 9, 2001 the city was officially captured by the Afghan Northern Alliance forces after the Battle of Mazar e Sharif with help from the United States Special Operations Forces and bombing by U. S. Air Force aircraft.

After some pressure, an office of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission opened an office in Mazar in April 2003.

Other archaeologists in Israel, including Amnon Ben-Tor, Amihai Mazar, William Dever and Lawrence Stager, reject this theory, claiming that it is contradicted by scientific understandings of strata formulation and the general development of the region, and that the theory relies overmuch on pottery seriation, a technique for dating sites using ceramic remains, which is a relative dating technique rather than a reliable technique such as carbon dating.

637 – 56 in “ I Will Speak the Riddles of Ancient Times ” ( Ps 78: 2b ): Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday, A. M. Maeir and P. de Miroschedji, eds.

258 – 79 in Up to the Gates of Ekron: Essays on the Archaeology and History of the Eastern Mediterranean in Honor of Seymour Gitin, S. White Crawford, A. Ben-Tor, J. P. Dessel, W. G. Dever, A. Mazar, and J. Aviram, eds.

* Mullins, Robert A., “ A Corpus of Eighteenth Dynasty Egyptian-Style Pottery from Tel Beth-Shean ”, in Maeir, A. M. and Miroschedji, P. de ( eds ), “ I Will Speak the Riddle of Ancient Times ”— Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday, Volume 1, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006, pp. 247 – 262.

* Mazar, A., Ziv-Esudri, Adi and Cohen-Weinberger, Anet, " The Early Bronze Age II-III at Tel Beth Shean: Preliminary Observations ", in Philip, G. and Baird, D. ( eds ), Ceramics and Change in the Early Bronze Age of the Southern Levant, Archaeology 2, Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000, pp. 255 – 278.

* Gitin S., A. Mazar, E. Stern ( eds.

* Mazar, Amihai, Excavations at Tel Beth Shean 1989-1996, Volume I: From the Late Bronze Age IIB to the Medieval Period, Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society / Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2006.

* Mazar, Amihai, “ The Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean ”, Eretz-Israel 21 ( 1990 ), pp. 197 – 211 ( יברית ).

Excavations under the leadership of Amihai Mazar and George L. Kelm during the 1980s-1990s uncovered twelve strata of continuous settlement at the site through the Hellenistic period, with sparse settlement nearby during the Byzantine period.

A stone ( 2. 43x1 m ) with Hebrew language | Hebrew inscription " To the Trumpeting Place " excavated by Benjamin Mazar at the southern foot of the Temple Mount is believed to be a part of the Second Temple

A stone ( 2. 43x1 Metre | m ) with Hebrew language | Hebrew inscription " To the Trumpeting Place " excavated by Benjamin Mazar at the southern foot of the Temple Mount is believed to be a part of the Second Temple

The 2005 discovery by archaeologist Eilat Mazar of a Large Stone Structure, which she dated to the tenth century BCE, would be evidence of buildings in Jerusalem of a size appropriate to the capital of a centralized kingdom at that time.

According to Mazar, "" It's the most significant construction we have from First Temple days in Israel ," and " It means that at that time, the 10th century, in Jerusalem there was a regime capable of carrying out such construction.

Aren Maeir, an archeology professor at Bar Ilan University, said he has yet to see evidence that the fortifications are as old as Mazar claims.

From 1968 to 1977 the Israel Exploration Society started the first excavations at the Ophel, lead by Benjamin Mazar and Eilat Mazar.

As the film begins, Honor shows up at Monkey's house to borrow his epsom salts at the same time that his disagreeable girlfriend Daphne ( Debi Mazar ) arrives.

In 2002, Physicians for Human Rights ( PHR ) carried out preliminary investigations of alleged mass gravesites at Mazar.

At the beginning of July, it was estimated there were at least 28, 000 Ottoman troops in the Gaza – Beersheba area of southern Palestine, and that just before the battle began at Romani, there were 3, 000 troops at Oghratina, not far from Katia, another 6, 000 at the forward base of Bir el Abd, east of Oghratina, 2, 000 to 3, 000 at Bir Bayud to the south-east, and another 2, 000 at Bir el Mazar, some to the east, not far from El Arish.

The nearest Ottoman garrison of 2, 000 men was at Bir el Mazar east of Romani, and on 9 July, a patrol found Bir Salmana unoccupied.

By mid-September 1916 the Anzac Mounted Division had pursued the retreating Ottoman and German forces from Bir el Abd along the northern route across the Sinai Peninsula to the outpost at Bir el Mazar.

By early December 1916, construction of the railway had reached the wells at Bir el Mazar, the last water sources available to the EEF before El Arish.

< center > Sinai and the Suez Canal zone in 1917 shows the railway at Bir el Mazar </ center >

Farida Mazar Spyropoulos, ( c. 1871, Syria-April 5, 1937, Chicago, Illinois ), also performing under the stage name Fatima, appeared at the " Street in Cairo " exhibition on the Midway at the World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893.

*" The Beehives of Tel Rehov " ( SourceFlix Productions )-A short video clip produced by an independent documentary film group concerning the discovery of the beehives at Tel Rehov, including an interview with Dr. Mazar.

*" The Beehives of Tel Rehov " ( SourceFlix Productions )-A two-minute video clip concerning the discovery of a beehive industry at Tel Rehov, produced by an independent documentary film group, and includes a brief interview with Dr. Amihai Mazar, director of the Tel Rehov excavations ..

The Tel Aviv University group also suggested that the walls unearthed by Mazar do not belong to a single building, arguing that the more substantial, more regular walls to the west of the site align with a larger rectangular structure, including upper parts of the Stepped Stone Structure, and a mikveh ritual bath believed to have been used in the Hasmonean period ; while what they consider the flimsier irregular remains on the eastern side of the site should be treated as a separate entity.

Kelm was serving as professor of Biblical Backgrounds and Archaeology at New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary when he and Amihai Mazar uncovered biblical Timnah, Tel Batash in the Sorek Valley of Israel through 1977-1979.

In 1936 Mazar started the excavations of Beth Shearim, the first archaeological excavation organized by a Jewish institution, and uncovered there the large Jewish catacombs dated to the 2nd-4th centuries AD, known as the burial place of the Jewish leader Rabbi Yehudah Hanasi.

* Amihai Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: Volume 1: 10, 000-586 B. C. E.

The pottery below the foundation is dated by Eilat Mazar to the Iron Age I, and the pottery above is dated to the Iron Age II.

Due to the Law of superposition ( the empirical rule stating that, in general, the older things are lower down ), this implies, according to Eilat Mazar, that the foundation-and hence the building-was constructed somewhere between Iron Age I and Iron Age II ( roughly between the 11th and 10th centuries BC ).

However, Amihai Mazar has pointed out that though the structure clearly dates to after Iron Age I, since there is no floor and the Iron Age II pottery merely occurs between the walls, her terminus-ante-quem is flawed-the pottery gives no way of knowing how much later than Iron Age I the building was constructed ( since the building could have been built around pre-existing Iron Age II pottery ).