# REDIRECT Nicolaus Copernicus

In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle, named after Nicolaus Copernicus, states that the Earth is not in a central, specially favored position.

* 1473 – Nicolaus Copernicus, mathematician and astronomer ( d. 1543 )

* 1543: Nicolaus Copernicus.

In 1543, astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus from Toruń ( Thorn ) published his work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and became the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.

File: Nikolaus Kopernikus. jpg | Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 )

Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus remembered for his development of the heliocentricism | heliocentric model of the Solar System

A great breakthrough in astronomy was made by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), who proposed in 1543 the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Galileo, however, felt that the descriptive content of the technical disciplines warranted philosophical interest, particularly because mathematical analysis of astronomical observations — notably the radical analysis offered by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus concerning the relative motions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and planets — indicated that philosophers ' statements about the nature of the universe could be shown to be in error.

Kepler's laws and his analysis of the observations on which they were based, the assertion that the Earth orbited the Sun, proof that the planets ' speeds varied, and use of elliptical orbits rather than circular orbits with epicycles — challenged the long-accepted geocentric models of Aristotle and Ptolemy, and generally supported the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus ( although Kepler's ellipses likewise did away with Copernicus's circular orbits and epicycles ).

Nicolaus Copernicus and Karol Wojtyła ( Pope John Paul II ) graduated from it.

# REDIRECT Nicolaus Copernicus

File: Nikolaus Kopernikus. jpg | Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473-1543 ): published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ) in 1543-often considered the starting point of modern astronomy-in which he argued that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun ( heliocentrism )

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System.

The concept emerged from the numerous great thinkers of that era who excelled in multiple fields of the arts and science, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Francis Bacon.

Later Nicolaus Copernicus would refer to this book as an influence on his own work.

Nicolaus Copernicus ' teacher, Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara, referred to Regiomontanus as having been his own teacher.

Many of these early polymaths were also religious priests and theologians: for example, Alhazen and al-Biruni were mutakallimiin ; the physician Avicenna was a hafiz ; the physician Ibn al-Nafis was a hafiz, muhaddith and ulema ; the botanist Otto Brunfels was a theologian and historian of Protestantism ; the astronomer and physician Nicolaus Copernicus was a priest.

Despite some challenges to religious views, however, many notable figures of the scientific revolution — including Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz — remained devout in their faith.

Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), Kepler ( 1571 – 1630 ), Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) and Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) all traced different ancient and medieval ancestries for the heliocentric system.

The geocentric model was nearly universally accepted until 1543 when Nicolaus Copernicus published his book entitled De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and was widely accepted into the next century.

* Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ) published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543, which advanced the heliocentric theory of cosmology.

The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.

In September 2004, Bydgoszcz Medical School joined Toruń's Nicolaus Copernicus University as its Collegium Medicum.

The founding of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in 1945 was significant.

* May – Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in Nuremberg.

* Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in Nuremberg ( these last two events can be considered as leading to the Scientific Revolution.

* 1543 – Nicolaus Copernicus publishes his heliocentric theory in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

* 1543 — Nicolaus Copernicus publishes his heliocentric universe in his De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

* Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ) in Nuremberg, offering entirely abstract mathematical arguments for the existence of the heliocentric universe.

Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium containing his theory that Earth travels around the Sun.

While its dates are disputed, the publication in 1543 of Nicolaus Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ) and Andreas Vesalius's De humani corporis fabrica ( On the Fabric of the Human body ) are often cited as marking the beginning of the scientific revolution.

** Nicolaus Copernicus ' De revolutionibus is placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Congregation of the Index of the Roman Catholic Church.

Nicolaus Copernicus | Copernicus ' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium at the Jagiellonian Library.

It is to Pope Paul III that Nicolaus Copernicus dedicated De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ).

Nicolaus Copernicus had firmly moved the Earth away from the center of the universe with the heliocentric theory for which he presented evidence in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres ) published in 1543.

Nicolaus Copernicus published a different account of trepidation in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( 1543 ).

Perhaps the most controversial and important work of the time period was a treatise printed in Nuremberg, entitled De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium: in it, the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus removed the Earth from its privileged position in the universe, which had far-reaching effects, not only in science, but in literature and its approach to humanity, hierarchy, and truth.

* Nicolaus Copernicus ' De revolutionibus is placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Roman Catholic Church.

Nearly two-thousand years later Nicolaus Copernicus would mention in De revolutionibus that Philolaus already knew about the Earth's revolution around a central fire.

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus presented a full discussion of a heliocentric model of the universe in much the same way as Ptolemy's Almagest had presented his geocentric model in the 2nd century.

Nicolaus Copernicus published the definitive statement of his system in De Revolutionibus in 1543.

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543 was the first mathematically predictive heliocentric model of a planetary system.

Before 1542 the works principally used by apothecaries were the treatises on simples by Avicenna and Serapion ; the De synonymis and Quid pro quo of Simon Januensis ; the Liber servitoris of Bulchasim Ben Aberazerim, which described the preparations made from plants, animals and minerals, and was the type of the chemical portion of modern pharmacopoeias ; and the Antidotarium of Nicolaus de Salerno, containing Galenic formulations arranged alphabetically.

Early in the sixteenth century Nicolaus Copernicus drastically reformed the model of astronomy by displacing the Earth from its central place in favour of the Sun, yet he called his great work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ).

In his " De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ", in the year 1530, Nicolaus Copernicus quotes the works of al-Zarqali and Al-Battani.

Nicolaus Copernicus lived at the castle for several years, and it is believed he wrote part of his De revolutionibus orbium coelestium there.