Among the recipients of the Nobel Prize for Literature more than half are practically unknown to readers of English.

While `` better late than never '' may have certain merits, the posthumous award of the Nobel Prize for Peace to the late Dag Hammarskjold strikes me as less than a satisfactory expression of appreciation.

Dr. Linus Pauling, a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, has been less ambiguous, whether you choose to agree with him or not.

Last week Chicago happily found its top scholar in Caltech's acting dean of the faculty: dynamic Geneticist George Wells Beadle, 57, who shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology for discovering how genes affect heredity by controlling cell chemistry ( Time, Cover, July 14, 1958 ).

Robert Hillyer, the poet, writes in his introduction to this brief animal fable that Mr. Burman ought to win a Nobel Prize for the Catfish Bend series.

This has caused much controversy whether the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is actually a " Nobel Prize "

* The Nobel Prize in Postage Stamps

Category: Nobel Prize

Camus was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize for Literature " for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times ".< ref >

* 1884 – Otto Meyerhof, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1874 – Carl Bosch, German chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1940 )

* 1915 – Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 2011 )

* 1881 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1955 )

* 1911 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1996 )

He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of " Reverence for Life ", expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding and sustaining the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, now in Gabon, west central Africa ( then French Equatorial Africa ).

Alexis Carrel ( June 28, 1873 – November 5, 1944 ) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.

While there he collaborated with American physician Charles Claude Guthrie in work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs as well as the head, and Carrel was awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for these efforts.

" He had great success in reconnecting arteries and veins, and performing surgical grafts, and this led to his Nobel Prize in 1912 .< ref name = simmons >

* 1872 – Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate ( d. 1942 )

* 1912 – Salvador Luria, Italian-American microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1991 )

* 1918 – Frederick Sanger, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

Albert John Luthuli, awarded a Nobel prize for his South African integration struggles, has to get permission to fly to collect his honor.

As a young man, Nobel studied with chemist Nikolai Zinin ; then, in 1850, went to Paris to further the work ; and, at 18, he went to the United States for four years to study chemistry, collaborating for a short period under inventor John Ericsson, who designed the American Civil War ironclad USS Monitor.

Nobel filed his first patent, for a gas meter, in 1857.

Nobel was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1884, the same institution that would later select laureates for two of the Nobel prizes, and he received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University in 1893.

Nobel travelled for much of his business life, maintaining companies in various countries in Europe and North America and keeping a permanent home in Paris from 1873 to 1891.

Bertha von Suttner was awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace prize, ' for her sincere peace activities '.

Nobel demonstrated his explosive for the first time that year, at a quarry in Redhill, Surrey, England.

In order to help reestablish his name and improve the image of his business from the earlier controversies associated with the dangerous explosives, Nobel had also considered naming the highly powerful substance " Nobel's Safety Powder ", but settled with Dynamite instead, referring to the Greek word for ' power '.

Gelignite was more stable, transportable and conveniently formed to fit into bored holes, like those used in drilling and mining, than the previously used compounds and was adopted as the standard technology for mining in the Age of Engineering bringing Nobel a great amount of financial success, though at a significant cost to his health.

The most lucrative award an architect can receive is the Pritzker Prize, sometimes termed the " Nobel Prize for architecture.

Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts.

His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Meanwhile, the British MI6 and the American CIA commenced an operation to ensure that Doctor Zhivago was correctly submitted to the Nobel Committee, which requires that nominations for the Nobel Prize for Literature must be submitted in their original language.

In 1954, Compañía ‘ Ron Bacardi ’ S. A. paid him homage when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature of his novel The Old Man and the Sea ( 1952 ), in which he honored the Company by mentioning its Hatuey beer.

She also won the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize for Literature for Living on Light.

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature

Three 20th century Danish authors have become Nobel Prize laureates in Literature: Karl Adolph Gjellerup and Henrik Pontoppidan ( joint recipients in 1917 ) and Johannes Vilhelm Jensen ( awarded 1944 ).

* 1909 – Selma Lagerlöf became the first female writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature " in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings ".

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature

* 1999: The Esperanto poet William Auld is nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature

* Maurice Maeterlinck, poet, playwright, essayist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature ( 1862 – 1949 )

* The Nobel Prize Biography on Shaw, From Nobel Lectures, Literature 1901 – 1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, ( 1969 ).

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature, introduced the term to the Western world with the 1973 publication of his novel The Gulag Archipelago.

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature

Engdahl announces J. M. G. Le Clézio | Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio winning the Nobel Prize for Literature on October 9, 2008.

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature

He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature and refused it, saying that he always declined official honors and that " a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution.

In October 1964, Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature but he declined it.

Category: Nobel laureates in Literature