Paulus Orosius ( born c. 375, died not before 418 ), less often Paul Orosius in English, was a priest, Christian historian, theologian and student of Saint Augustine of Hippo.

In fact, even Casimiro Torres Rodríguez, one of the main scholars of Orosius ’ s life, indicates that Paulus might be his Christian name and Orosius his native name, a theory that cannot be entirely dismissed.

This would have developed along Christian lines, although assuming that Orosius was born in Braga, he would also have had a good knowledge of the rural culture of that time.

Although Ataulf remained an Arian Christian, his relationship with Roman culture was summed up, from a Catholic Roman perspective, by the words that the contemporary Christian apologist Orosius put into his mouth, Ataulf's Declaration:

Antonio Marchetta concludes that the words are indeed Ataulf's and distinguishes them from their interpretation by Orosius, who was preparing his readers for a conclusion that Christian times were felicitous and who attributed Ataulf's apparent change of heart to the power of his love for Galla Placidia, the instrument of divine intervention in God's plan for an eternal Roman Empire.

The 4th century Christian historian Paulus Orosius records that the violence so depopulated the province of Cyrenaica that new colonies had to be established by Hadrian:

The chief authorities on the career of Alaric are: the historian Orosius and the poet Claudian, both contemporary, neither disinterested ; Zosimus, a historian who lived probably about half a century after Alaric's death ; and Jordanes, a Goth who wrote the history of his nation in 551, basing his work on The Trojan War.

* Paulus Orosius, historian and theologian ( approximate date )

It was used systematically for the first time only about the year 400, by the Iberian historian Orosius.

Support for these dates comes from the fact that the Liber Apologeticus does not mention Orosius ’ s work as a historian, and the prologue refers to Book XI of the City of God by Saint Augustine, which was not published until 416.

Orosius never seems lacking in sources of information, he even affirms that an historian should be selective with those he has, it rather seems that this difference in level of detail reflects the emphasis that he wants to place on reinforcing his ideas.

Another important aspect of Orosius ’ s work is the importance he placed on geography in his work as a historian.

Yet another historian, Orosius says 30, 000 infantry, 1, 500 cavalry, and 30 elephants.

* 385-Paulus Orosius, historian, theologian and disciple of St. Augustine, is probably born in Braga.

Despite the scarcity of sources, if his date of birth is accepted as that given above or at least within the window between 375 and 385 it can be seen that Orosius grew up during a period of cultural flourishing along with Hydatius and the Ávitos.

This date means that Orosius had a window of 5 years for his collaboration with Saint Augustine before he travelled to Palestine.

Given that Saint Stephen ’ s relics were uncovered on 26 December 415, Orosius must have departed from Palestine after that date.

The second chronological limit is 415, which is traditionally considered to be the date when Augustine ’ s book Liber ad Orosium contra Priscillianistas et Origenistas was published, in which Augustine replies to Orosius ’ s Commonitorium.

The date of the book is not our main focus here, what is more important is Orosius ’ s objective in responding to Saint Augustine ’ s request by writing a book aimed at proving that Rome ’ s decadence – it should be remembered that Rome was sacked by Alaric I in 410 – had nothing at all to do with the fact that the Romans had relatively recently converted to Christianity.

The historian Walter Goffart says of Bede that he " holds a privileged and unrivalled place among first historians of Christian Europe ".

He also knew Orosius's Adversus Paganus, and Gregory of Tours ' Historia Francorum, both Christian histories, as well as the work of Eutropius, a pagan historian.

The Jewish historian Josephus speaks of there being 22 books in the canon of the Hebrew Bible, a Jewish tradition reported also by the Christian bishop Athanasius.

The only early Arab historian who mentions the Druze is the 11th century Christian scholar Yahya of Antioch, who clearly refers to the heretical group created by ad-Darazī rather than the followers of Hamza ibn ' Alī.

* Eusebius of Caesarea ( c. 263 – c. 339 ), early Christian bishop and historian.

Eusebius ( c. AD 263 – 339 ) ( also called Eusebius of Caesarea and Eusebius Pamphili ) was a Roman historian, exegete and Christian polemicist.

In the 5th century, the Christian historian Socrates Scholasticus described Eusebius as writing for “ rhetorical finish ” and for the “ praises of the Emperor ” rather than the “ accurate statement of facts .” The methods of Eusebius were criticised by Edward Gibbon in the 18th century.

In the 19th century Jacob Burckhardt viewed Eusebius as ' a liar ', the “ first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity .” Ramsay MacMullen in the 20th century regarded Eusebius's work as representative of early Christian historical accounts in which “ Hostile writings and discarded views were not recopied or passed on, or they were actively suppressed ..., matters discreditable to the faith were to be consigned to silence .” As a consequence this kind of methodology in MacMullens view has distorted modern attempts, ( e. g. Harnack, Nock, and Brady ), to describe how the Church grew in the early centuries.

* Averil Cameron ( professor at King's College and Oxford ) and Stuart Hall ( historian and theologian ), in their recent translation of the Life of Constantine, point out that writers such as Burckhardt found it necessary to attack Eusebius in order to undermine the ideological legitimacy of the Habsburg empire, which based itself on the idea of Christian empire derived from Constantine, and that the most controversial letter in the Life has since been found among the papyri of Egypt.

Gary Kilgore North ( born February 1942 ) is an economic historian and publisher who prolifically writes on topics including economics, history, and Christian theology.

The fifth century Christian historian Sozomen claimed that the relics of Habakkuk were found at Cela, when God revealed their location to Zebennus, bishop of Eleutheropolis, in a dream.

In 1985 Classical historian Georg Luck, in his Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds, theorised that the origins of the Witch-cult may have appeared in late antiquity as a faith primarily designed to worship the Horned God, stemming from the merging of Cernunnos, a horned god of the Celts, with the Greco-Roman Pan / Faunus, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining pagans, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of the Devil, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches.

Saint Jerome ( c. 347 – 30 September 420 ; ( also Hierom or Jerom ) (; ) was a Roman Christian priest, confessor, theologian and historian, and who became a Doctor of the Church.

The earliest secure reference to this passage is found in the writings of the fourth-century Christian apologist and historian Eusebius, who used Josephus ' works extensively as a source for his own Historia Ecclesiastica.

The Christian historian Socrates Scholasticus was of the opinion that Julian believed himself to be Alexander the Great " in another body " via transmigration of souls, " in accordance with the teachings of Pythagoras and Plato ".

According to the Christian historian Sozomen, Libanius was supposed to have said on his deathbed that John would have been his successor " if the Christians had not taken him from us ".

The historian N. J. Higham connects the timing of this episode with a change in the " overkingship " from the Christian Kentish Æthelberht to the pagan East Anglian Raedwald, which Higham feels happened after Æthelberht's death.

At Göttingen at almost the same moment, the Classical historian Christian Gottlob Heyne, working from one of these prints, made a new Latin translation of the Greek text that was more reliable than Ameilhon's.

Sextus Julius Africanus ( c. 160 – c. 240 ) was a Christian traveller and historian of the late 2nd and early 3rd century AD.

However, the unlikelihood that the reputable historian Bede invented Ninian without some basis in the historical record, combined with an increased knowledge of Ireland's early saints and Whithorn's early Christian connections, has led to serious scholarly efforts to find Bede's basis.

In an interview with Richardson in 1979, Danish historian Mikael Venge, author of the article about Christian II in Dansk Biografisk Leksikon said: " I think you ought to protest the next time the Swedish radio claims anything so utterly unfounded that could be understood as if the Danes approved of the Stockholm bloodbath.

Among medieval Christian theologians, Trajan was considered a virtuous pagan, while the 18th century historian Edward Gibbon popularized the notion of the Five Good Emperors, of which Trajan was the second.

Tertullian's writings cover the whole theological field of the time — apologetics against paganism and Judaism, polemics, polity, discipline, and morals, or the whole reorganization of human life on a Christian basis ; they gave a picture of the religious life and thought of the time which is of the greatest interest to the church historian.

German historian Christian Gerlach sees in Heydrich's postponement the exploitation of an opportunity to broaden the original objective.

* Sozomen, Christian church historian