Other founding horse-associated twin brothers are attested among various other Germanic peoples, and appear in other Indo-European cultures.

Other Indo-European tonal languages, spoken in the Indian subcontinent, are Punjabi, Lahanda, Rabinian and Western Pahari.

Other Iron Age attestations of the swastika can be associated with Indo-European cultures such as the Indo-Iranians, Celts, Greeks and Germanic peoples and Slavs.

Other words more distantly related include hole, hollow, hall, helmet and cell, all from the aforementioned Indo-European root * kel -.

Other placenames with no apparent Indo-European etymology include Athēnai ( Athens ), Mycēnai ( Mycene ), Messēnē, Kyllēnē, Cyrene, Mytilene et al.

76. 9 % spoke English, 15. 1 % Spanish, 4. 2 % Other Indo-European Language and 2. 6 % Asian and Pacific Islander Languages as their first language.

Other modern scholars object to an Indo-European etymology either from Dianus or from root * yā -.

Other largely extinct Indo-European religions closely allied to the Indian religions, sharing a common history, include Zoroastrianism, ancient Greek, Celtic, Roman, Hittite, Slavic and Norse mythology.

Other authors have suggested that the Kanun has retained elements from Indo-European prehistoric eras.

Other theories claim her name is derived from the same Indo-European root as Latin mors ' death ' and Russian mor ' pestilence '.

Other Indo-European languages lost the aorist entirely.

Other aspects of Irish morphology, while typical for a Celtic language, are not typical for Indo-European, such as the presence of inflected prepositions and the initial consonant mutations.

Other approaches to Indo-European mythology are possible, most notably the trifunctional hypothesis of Georges Dumézil.

Other proposals, further back in time ( and proportionately less accepted ), link Indo-European and Uralic with Altaic and the other language families of northern Eurasia, namely Yukaghir, Korean, Japanese, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Nivkh, Ainu, and Eskimo – Aleut, but excluding Yeniseian ( the most comprehensive such proposal is Joseph Greenberg's Eurasiatic ), or link Indo-European, Uralic, and Altaic to Afro-Asiatic and Dravidian ( the traditional form of the Nostratic hypothesis ), and ultimately to a single Proto-Human family.

Other Indo-European languages spoken in the Caucasus include Pontic Greek, Persian, Kurdish, Talysh, Judeo-Tat, Bukhori and of the Slavic languages, Russian and Ukrainian, whose speakers number over a third of the total population of the Caucasus.

Other names were classified as Germanic and Iranian, which also suggests that the Hunnic language could have been Indo-European instead of Turkic.

Other historical linguists classify it as Indo-European on the basis of some affinities with Italic languages.

In addition, 2. 69 % speak " Other Indic languages " ( mainly Bengali ), 2. 47 % speak " Other Indo-European languages " ( mainly Albanian ), 0. 85 % speak " African languages ", and 0. 56 % speak " Other Slavic languages " ( mainly Bulgarian ).

Lithuanian, and Welsh are simply " Other Indo-European languages ," Yoruba and Swahili are simply " African languages ," and Indonesian and Syriac are simply " Other Asian languages.

* Other Indo-European languages: 2. 5 % ( 4, 393 )

Other widely spoken Afroasiatic languages are Amharic, the national language of Ethiopia, with 18 million native speakers ; Somali, spoken by around 19 million people in Greater Somalia ; and Hausa, the dominant language of northern Nigeria and southern Niger, spoken by 18. 5 million people and used as a lingua franca in large parts of the Sahel, with some 25 million speakers in total.

Other languages may use a Semitic abjad with mandatory vowel diacritics, effectively making them abugidas.

Other languages, such as Thai Sign Language, developed as a creole of ASL and indigenous sign ; a similar situation may have occurred with Malaysian Sign Language, which in turn was the base of Indonesian Sign Language.

Other languages use fricative and often trilled segments as syllabic nuclei, as in Czech and several languages in Democratic Republic of the Congo, and China, including Mandarin Chinese.

Other languages:

Other major languages, such as Java and C ++, have nothing similar to the CPAN ( though for Java there is central Maven, and C ++ has the Boost C ++ Libraries ).

Other languages were designed for use with manual memory management, but have garbage collected implementations available ( e. g., C, C ++).

Other languages with more than one million speakers are Hadia ( 1. 6 million ), Kambata ( 1. 4 million ), and Afar ( 1. 5 million ).

Other speech varieties include: standard languages, which are standardized for public performance ( for example, a written standard ); jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon ( vocabulary ); slang ; patois ; pidgins or argots.

Other languages, such as Spanish, have mostly alphabetic orthographies that employ letter-sound correspondences, so-called shallow orthographies.

Other languages also have a separate word for a full day, such as vuorokausi in Finnish, ööpäev in Estonian, dygn in Swedish, døgn in Danish, døgn in Norwegian, sólarhringur in Icelandic, etmaal in Dutch, doba in Polish, сутки ( sutki ) in Russian, суткі ( sutki ) in Belarusian, доба ́ ( doba ) in Ukrainian, денонощие in Bulgarian and יממה in Hebrew.

Other colourful nicknames are found in other languages ; in Hungarian, for instance, the double bass is sometimes called nagy bőgő, which roughly translates as " big crier ," referring to its large voice.

Other Afro-Asiatic languages belonging to the Cushitic branch are also widely spoken in the country.

Other languages are nearly extinct ; see List of endangered languages in Europe.

Other languages that use the ergative case are Georgian, Chechen, and other Caucasian languages, Mayan languages, Mixe – Zoque languages, Wagiman and other Australian Aboriginal languages as well as Basque, Burushaski, Hindi, Yaghnobi and Tibetan.

Other constructed languages have been hindered from developing a stable speaking community by continual tinkering.

Other languages with only local ( if any official ) status: Marquesan ( North Marquesan, South Marquesan ), Puka-Pukan, Rarotongan ( Cook Island Maori ), Tuamotuan, Mangarevan, Tubuaian and Rapan.

Other languages perform the same function in different ways.

The MediaWiki software has an additional feature which uses similar notation to create automatic interlanguage links — for instance, the link < code >< nowiki > de: InterWiki </ nowiki ></ code > ( with no leading colon ) automatically creates a reference labeled " Other languages: Deutsch | ..." at the top and bottom of, or in a sidebar next to, the article display.

Kroeber and Sapir's focus on Native American languages helped establish linguistics as a truly general science and free it from its historical focus on Indo-European languages.

Altogether, Starostin concluded that the Altaic grouping was substantiated, though " older than most other language families in Eurasia, such as Indo-European or Finno-Ugric, and this is the reason why the modern Altaic languages preserve few common elements ".

All of these methods remain to be applied to the languages attributed to Altaic with the same degree of focus and intensity they have been applied to the Indo-European family ( e. g. Mallory 1989, Anthony 2007 ).

However Juhanen ( 1992 ) is skeptical about an affiliation of Japanese to Altaic languages, while Róna-Tas ( 1998: 77 ) remarked that a relationship between Altaic and Japanese, if it ever existed, must be more remote than the relationship of any two of the Indo-European languages.

The Mitanni appeared in the 17th century BC and spoke an Indo-Aryan language related to the Indo-European languages eventually to be found in India.

The Turkish language and the Islamic religion were gradually introduced as a result of the Seljuk conquest, and this period marks the start of Anatolia's slow transition from predominantly Christian and Indo-European and Semitic-speaking, to predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking ( Although some ethnic groups such as Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians and Georgians retained Christianity and their native languages ).

English 2. 9 % ( closely related to German and other Indo-European languages ).

Vowels and their corresponding semivowels alternate in many languages depending on the phonological environment, or for grammatical reasons, as is the case with Indo-European ablaut.

The accusative case existed in Proto-Indo-European and is present in some Indo-European languages ( including Latin, Sanskrit, Greek, German, Polish, Swedish, Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian ), in the Uralic languages, in Altaic languages, and in Semitic languages ( such as Classical Arabic ).

He particularly criticized the Indo-European languages for promoting a mistaken essentialist world view, which had been disproved by advances in the sciences, whereas he suggested that other languages dedicated more attention to processes and dynamics rather than stable essences.

Though geographically surrounded by Indo-European Romance languages, Basque is classified as a language isolate.

Little is known of its origins but it is likely that an early form of the Basque language was present in Western Europe before the arrival of the Indo-European languages to the area.

* Vasconic substratum hypothesis: This proposal, by the German linguist Theo Vennemann, claims that there is enough toponymical evidence to conclude that Basque is the only survivor of a larger family that once extended throughout most of Europe, and has also left its mark in modern Indo-European languages spoken in Europe.

The Baltic languages are a subbranch of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family.

It is also believed that Baltic languages are among the most archaic of the remaining Indo-European languages, despite their late attestation.

Linguists have had a hard time establishing the precise relationship of the Baltic languages to other languages in the Indo-European family.

These two factors combined with others have obscured the history of the Baltic languages, leading to a number of theories regarding their position in the Indo-European family.