In addition to the Mahābhāṣya and Yoga Sūtras, the 11th-century commentary on Charaka by the Bengali scholar Cakrapāṇidatta, and the 16th c. text Patanjalicarita ascribes to Patañjali a medical text called the Carakapratisaṃskṛtaḥ ( now lost ) which is apparently a revision ( pratisaṃskṛtaḥ ) of the medical treatise by Caraka.

Grammarians following Pāṇini include Kātyāyana ( c. 3rd century BCE ), who wrote aphorisms on Pāṇini ( the Varttika ) and advanced mathematics ; Patañjali ( 2nd century BCE ), known for his commentary on selected topics in Pāṇini's grammar ( the Mahabhasya ) and on Kātyāyana's aphorisms, as well as, according to some, the author of the Yoga Sutras, and Pingala, with his mathematical approach to prosody.

Patañjali Tamil: பதஞ ் ஜல ி (, ; fl.

The literary styles and contents of the Yogasūtras and the Mahābhāṣya are entirely different, and the only work on medicine attributed to Patañjali is lost.

While there is a short treatise on yoga in the medical work called the Carakasaṃhitā ( by Caraka ), towards the end of the chapter called śārīrasthāna, it is notable for not bearing much resemblance to the Yoga Sūtras, and in fact presenting a form of eightfold yoga that is completely different from that laid out by Patañjali in the Yoga Sūtras and the commentary Yogasūtrabhāṣya.

It is based on the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali.

Patañjali is also considered an emanation or incarnation of Shesha and is iconographically depicted in naga form with naga canopy.

The Yoga of Patañjali, as described in the Sutras of Patanjali, departs from the monism of Advaita.

In the yoga tradition, it is the eighth and final limb identified in the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali.

According to Patañjali, asamprajñata is a higher awareness state with absence of gross awareness.

Patañjali, in India's ancient books, suggests yoga's goal is to help one focus, reflect upon, know and express one's highest self.

Ashtanga is the yoga of Patañjali, the compiler of the Yoga Sutras.

He had studied texts such as the Patañjali Yoga Darśana, Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā, Yoga Yajñavalkya and the Upaniṣads, and in 1948, he established the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute at their new home in Lakshmipuram.

Early examples of such physicians included Patañjali, Padmasambhava, Rhazes, Avicenna, and Rumi.

The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sūtras ( aphorisms ) that constitute the foundational text of Rāja yoga.

Although the Yoga Sutras have become the most important text of Yoga, the opinion of most scholars is that Patañjali was not the creator of Yoga, which existed well before him, but merely a great expounder.

Various authorities attribute the compilation of the sutras to Patañjali, who is also referenced as the author of a major treatise on Sanskrit grammar, the Mahabhasya.

It is considered that Patañjali was not the first to write about Yoga-other authors had written before him, and he used their writings in his work.

Dasgupta, claim this is the same Patañjali who authored the Mahabhasya, a treatise on Sanskrit grammar.

However, Indologist Axel Michaels disagrees that the work was written by Patañjali, characterizing it instead as a collection of fragments and traditions of texts stemming from the second or third century.

In the Yoga Sutras, Patañjali prescribes adherence to eight " limbs " or steps ( the sum of which constitute " Ashtanga Yoga ", the title of the second chapter ) to quiet one's mind and achieve kaivalya.

Radhakrishnan and Moore attribute the text to Patañjali, dating it as 2nd century BCE, during the Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE ).

In Indian literary tradition, he is variously identified either as the younger brother of Pāṇini ( 4th century BCE ), or as Patañjali, the author of the Mahabhashya ( 2nd century BCE ).

Patañjali divided his Yoga Sutras into 4 chapters or books ( Sanskrit pada ), containing in all 196 aphorisms, divided as follows:

In the last sutra ( 4, 34 ), Patañjali says the soul reaches its end in liberation, enlightenment, kaivalya.

Ahimsa is imperative for practitioners of Patañjali ’ s " classical " Yoga ( Raja Yoga ).

Patañjali in the Yoga Sūtras defines " vikalpa " saying: ' शब ् द-ज ् ञ ा न ा न ु प ा त ि वस ् त ु- श ू न ् य ो- व ि कल ् प ः।'.

The five yamas or the constraints of the Yoga Sutras of Patañjali bear an uncanny resemblance to the five major vows of Jainism, indicating influence of Jainism.

The Yogabhashya is a commentary on the Yoga Sutras of Patañjali which has been attributed in the discourse of the tradition to Vyasa.

The word appears in the Yoga Sutras of Patañjali, where sutra 3. 6 says that the application of the practice of takes place in stages.

Past life regression is mentioned in the Upanishads of ancient India, but is discussed in greater detail in the Yoga Sutras of Patañjali.

With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

* Bādarāyaņa ( c. 200 BCE ), author of Brahma Sutras, expounding Advaita Vedanta.

* c. 200 AD: A stone go board with a 17 × 17 grid from a tomb at Wangdu County in Hebei, China.

The importance of foodcrops over exported cash crops is illustrated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of most Central Africans, ranges between c. 200, 000 and 300, 000 tons a year, while the production of cotton, the principal exported cash crop, ranges from c. 25, 000 to 45, 000 tons a year.

Distilled water has been known since at least c. 200, when Alexander of Aphrodisias described the process.

Susantha Goonatilake writes that the development of the Fibonacci sequence " is attributed in part to Pingala ( 200 BC ), later being associated with Virahanka ( c. 700 AD ), Gopāla ( c. 1135 ), and Hemachandra ( c. 1150 )".

The frescoes on the ceilings and walls of the Ajanta Caves were painted between c. 200 BC and 600 and are the oldest known frescoes in India.

The so-called " Monarchian Prologue " to the Fourth Gospel ( c. 200 ) supports AD 96 or one of the years immediately following as to the time of its writing.

200 BC ), Katyayana, and Patanjali ( 2nd c. BC ).

In the Section on Virtue, and Chapter 32 of the Tirukkuṛaḷ ( c. 200 BC-500 AD ), Tiruvaḷḷuvar says: Why does a man inflict upon other creatures those sufferings, which he has found by experience are sufferings to himself?

The earliest confirmed written evidence for Christianity in Britain is a statement by Tertullian, c. 200 AD, in which he described " all the limits of the Spains, and the diverse nations of the Gauls, and the haunts of the Britons, inaccessible to the Romans, but subjugated to Christ ".

By the time of the redaction of the Mishnah, Rosh Hashanah 1: 1 ( c. 200 CE ), jurists had identified four new-year dates:

One of these sets of rules is found in the siddur, from the " Introduction to Sifra " by Ishmael ben Elisha, c. 200 CE.

The Mishnah ( c. 200 ) lists belief in the resurrection of the dead as one of three essential beliefs necessary for a Jew to participate in it:

The Welsh prose tale Culhwch and Olwen ( c. 1100 ), included in the modern Mabinogion collection, has a much longer list of more than 200 of Arthur's men, though Cei and Bedwyr again take a central place.

Moses also appears in other religious texts such as the Mishnah ( c. 200 AD ), Midrash ( AD 200 – 1200 ), and the Qur ' an ( c. 610 — 653 ).

The periods in which these systems were in use overlapped one another and did not have definitive breaks, but it can be stated that the legis actio system prevailed from the time of the XII Tables ( c. 450 BC ) until about the end of the 2nd century BC, that the formulary procedure was primarily used from the last century of the Republic until the end of the classical period ( c. AD 200 ), and that of cognitio extraordinarem was in use in post-classical times.

Sextus Empiricus ( c. A. D. 200 ), the main authority for Greek skepticism, developed the position further, incorporating aspects of empiricism into the basis for asserting knowledge.