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* Perkin Warbeck claims to be the son of King Edward IV of England at the court of Burgundy.
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Perkin and Warbeck
Then, in the Autumn of 1497, Perkin Warbeck tried to usurp the throne from Henry VII.
A more serious menace was Perkin Warbeck, a Flemish youth who posed as Edward IV's son Richard.
* 1499 – Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
He only went to war twice, once in 1489 during the Breton crisis and the invasion of Brittany, and in 1496 – 1497 in revenge for Scottish support of Perkin Warbeck and for their invasion of Northern England.
* November 3 – Peace of Etaples signed between England and France, ending French support for the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck.
* England imposes sanctions on Burgundy for supporting Perkin Warbeck.
* November 23 – Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
* November 23 – Perkin Warbeck, Flemish imposter ( b. c. 1474 ) ( executed )
* September 7 – Second Cornish Uprising in England: Perkin Warbeck lands near Land's End ; on September 10 he is proclaimed as King in Bodmin.
* September 21 – 25 – James IV of Scotland invades Northumberland in support of the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck.
* May – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, recognises Perkin Warbeck as rightful King of England.
* November – Perkin Warbeck begins a campaign to take the English throne with a landing in Ireland.
** Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England ( d. 1499 )
Perkin Warbeck ( circa 1474 – 23 November 1499 ) was a pretender to the English throne during the reign of King Henry VII of England.
Miners set to work to demolish the tower of Hetoune ( Castle Heaton ) on 24 September, but the army quickly retreated when resources were expended, and hoped-for support for Perkin Warbeck in Northumberland failed to materialise.
Later, wishing to be rid of Warbeck, James IV provided a ship called the Cuckoo and a hired crew under a Breton captain which returned Perkin to Waterford in shame in July 1497.
Warbeck's story subsequently attracted writers — most notably by the dramatist John Ford, who dramatized the story in his play Perkin Warbeck, first performed in the 1630s.
* Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, best known as the author of Frankenstein, wrote a romance on the subject of Warbeck, the The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck, published in London in 1830.
The play tracks the progress of Perkin Warbeck from the Scottish court towards London to claim his birthright as heir to the throne.
" History of the life and reign of Richard the Third: to which is added the story of Perkin Warbeck.
" The chronicle history of Perkin Warbeck: a strange truth ".
* middle-ages. org. uk page on Perkin Warbeck
de: Perkin Warbeck
Perkin and claims
The term " pretender " applies not only to claimants with arguably genuine rights to the throne ( as the various pretenders of the Wars of the Roses ) who regarded the de facto monarch as a usurper, but also to impostors with wholly fabricated claims ( as pretenders to Henry VII's throne Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck ).
Perkin and be
To do this a " cow " or " pig " adaptor can be added to the end of the condenser, or for better results or for very air sensitive compounds a Perkin triangle apparatus can be used.
The Perkin triangle, has means via a series of glass or Teflon taps to allows fractions to be isolated from the rest of the still, without the main body of the distillation being removed from either the vacuum or heat source, and thus can remain in a state of reflux.
Perkin Warbeck, an impostor claimant to the English throne, who claimed to be Edward's son Richard of Shrewsbury, reportedly resembled Edward.
Its extraction was variable and complicated, and so Perkin and his brother realised that they had discovered a possible substitute whose production could be commercially successful.
The discovery in 1856 by William Henry Perkin that aniline could be used to make intense colouring agents had led to the commercial production of synthetic dyes in England from aniline extracted from coal tar.
A Perkin triangle is versatile piece of apparatus that can also be used to collect distillation fractions which does not require a " cow " or " pig " adapter.
A Perkin triangle is most often used where the distillates are air-sensitive or where the fractions distill and are collected under reduced pressure, but can be used for a simple and fractional distillation.
In the 1490s, Perkin Warbeck, a Pretender for the English crown, claimed to be Richard, Duke of York, but he is generally considered to have been an impostor, and was labeled thus by the Tudor regime.
( In fact, safranine is a 2, 8-dimethyl phenazinium salt, whereas the parasafranine produced by Perkin is presumed to be the 1, 8 -( or 2, 9 ) dimethyl isomer.
For better results or for very air sensitive compounds, either a Perkin triangle distillation set-up or a short-path distillation set-up can be used.
* Perkin Warbeck ( 1474 – 1499 ), a pretender who claimed to be Richard, Duke of York
Coumarin can be prepared in a laboratory in a Perkin reaction between salicylaldehyde and acetic anhydride.
* Lady Catherine Gordon, wife of pretender Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York
Perkin and son
Perkin reportedly resembled Edward IV in appearance, which has led to speculation that he might have been Edward's illegitimate son, or at least some genuine connection with the York family.
Margaret consequently was a staunch supporter of anyone willing to challenge Tudor, and backed both Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck, even going so far as to acknowledge Warbeck as her nephew, the younger son of Edward IV, the Duke of York.
He had two sons from the first marriage ( William Henry Perkin, Jr. and Arthur George Perkin ) and one son ( Frederick Mollwo Perkin ) and four daughters from the second.
Perkin and King
Today blue plaques mark the sites of Perkin's home in Cable Street, by the junction with King David Lane, and the Perkin factory in Greenford.
* The High-Church shall never make Perkin a King
The rebels marched on London to protest at King Henry VII's levying a tax to pay for an invasion of Scotland in retaliation for the Scots ' support for the pretender Perkin Warbeck.
In 1496, the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck was married to Catherine Gordon at Huntly Castle, an act witnessed by King James IV of Scotland.
Its primary cause was a response of people to the raising of war taxes by King Henry VII on the impoverished Cornish, to raise money for a campaign against Scotland motivated by brief border skirmishes that were inspired by Perkin Warbeck's pretence to the English throne.
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