He was unable to send any more help to his allies on the Continent, and during the next few years many of them, left to resist French pressure unaided, surrendered to the inevitable and made their peace with Philip.

Philip was himself able to take undisputed control of most French territories of John of England, Otto's maternal uncle and ally.

The French army of 15, 000 men took ground exactly opposite in a similar formation, cavalry on the wings, infantry, including the townsmen ( milice des communes ) in the center, Philip with the cavalry reserve and the royal standard, the Oriflamme, in rear of the men on foot.

The classic French historiography often refers to Coalition troops three times more numerous than those of the King of France ( Philip Contamine is not of this opinion: " In front, his opponents did not have a clear numerical superiority ").

The battle closed with the celebrated stand of Reginald of Boulogne, a former vassal of King Philip, who formed a ring of seven hundred Brabançon pikemen, and not only defied every attack of the French cavalry, but himself made repeated charges or sorties with his small force of knights.

The English king did not find support among the French lords, who made Philip of Valois their king.

Thus the French crown passed from the House of Capet after the death of Charles IV to Philip VI of France of the House of Valois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty,

An Augustinian, he had studied theology in Paris under St. Thomas of Aquinas to become one of the most authoritative thinkers of his time, and tutor to French king Philip IV the Fair, ( 1268-29 November 1314 ).

In December 1584, an alliance between Philip II and the French Catholic League at Joinville undermined the ability of Anjou's brother, Henry III of France, to counter Spanish domination of the Netherlands.

He was very active in furthering the accession of the French candidate for the throne of Spain, Philip V. Two years later, Vendôme having died in the interval, Alberoni was appointed consular agent for Parma at Philip's court, where he was the royal favourite, being raised at the same time to the dignity of count.

Charles II, having no direct heir, was succeeded by his great-nephew Philip V, a French prince, in 1700.

Henry's successor, Richard I " the Lion Heart " ( also known as " The absent king "), was preoccupied with foreign wars, taking part in the Third Crusade and defending his French territories against Philip II of France.

The reign of Philip II Augustus ( junior king 1179 – 1180, senior king 1180 – 1223 ) marked an important step in the history of French monarchy.

John Lackland, Richard's successor, refused to come to the French court for a trial against the Lusignans and, as Louis VI had done often to his rebellious vassals, Philip II confiscated John's possessions in France.

The papacy was moved to Avignon and all the contemporary popes were French, such as Philip IV's puppet Bertrand de Goth, Pope Clement V.

John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed due to the French victory over John's allies at the battle of Bouvines.

John began to explore an alliance with the French king Philip II, freshly returned from the crusade.

John and Philip negotiated the May 1200 Treaty of Le Goulet ; by this treaty, Philip recognised John as the rightful heir to Richard in respect to his French possessions, temporarily abandoning the wider claims of his client, Arthur.

When John still refused to come, Philip declared John in breach of his feudal responsibilities, reassigned all of John's lands that fell under the French crown to Arthur – with the exception of Normandy, which he took back for himself – and began a fresh war against John.

A peace agreement was signed in which John returned Anjou to Philip and paid the French king compensation ; the truce was intended to last for six years.

On Friday, October 13, 1307 ( a date sometimes spuriously linked with the origin of the Friday the 13th superstition ) Philip ordered de Molay and scores of other French Templars to be simultaneously arrested.

During the economic collapse of the seventeenth century Spain had little coherent economic policy, but French mercantilist policies were imported by Philip V with some success.

From 1301 the upper Meuse roughly marked the western border of the Holy Roman Empire with the Kingdom of France, after Count Henry III of Bar had to receive the western part of the County of Bar ( Barrois mouvant ) as a French fief from the hands of King Philip IV.

Philip could not speak English, and so they spoke in a mixture of Spanish, French, and Latin.

In Philip J. Ivanhoe & B. W.

* 1951 – Philip Bailey, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor ( Earth, Wind & Fire )

* Aspray, William & Philip Kitcher, eds., History and Philosophy of Modern Mathematics, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science vol XI, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988

Classical studies were Making news – A study in the construction of reality by Gaye Tuchman ( 1978 ), Deciding what ’ s news ( at CBS & NBC, Time and Newsweek ) by Herbert J. Gans ( 1979 ) in the U. S., and Putting ‘ reality ’ together – BBC news by Philip Schlesinger ( 1987 ).

* Ann Thwaite, Glimpses of the Wonderful: The Life of Philip Henry Gosse, 1810-1888 ( London: Faber & Faber, 2002 ), the definitive biography.

* Philip Glass Q & A

This was a season of the continual improvement of Philip Rivers & the passing game, and LaDainian Tomlinson no longer being the focus of the offense.

With the aid of punk and New Wave forefather Elvis Costello they recorded the follow-up, Rum Sodomy & the Lash, in 1985 during which time guitarist Philip Chevron joined.

The group had hoped to cover a number of different artists, but only two albums from this period saw completion and release-1984's George and James ( dedicated to George Gershwin and James Brown ) and 1986's Stars & Hank Forever: The American Composers Series ( featuring tributes to Hank Williams and John Philip Sousa ).

Other practicing tempera artists include, Philip Aziz, Ernst Fuchs, Antonio Roybal, George Huszar, Donald Jackson, Tim Lowly, Jim Lutes, Helen Clapcott, Altoon Sultan, Grégoire Michonze, Shaul Shats, Sandro Chia ( e. g. Studio 1986 ), Jon Gernon, Fred Wessel, Michael Bergt, Tim Donovan ( wildlife artist ), Alex Colville, Peca Rajkovic, Beverley Bonner, Estefan Gargost, Elaine Drew, and Fred Wessel, Kimberly Zsebe, Daniel Ambrose, Australian artist Jeremy Gordon and Suzanne Scherer & Pavel Ouporov ( Russian-American artists ).

In 1861, the decorative arts firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co .( later described by Nicholas Pevsner as the ' beginning of a new era in Western art ') was founded with Morris, Rossetti, Burne-Jones, Ford Madox Brown and Philip Webb as partners, together with Charles Faulkner and Peter Paul Marshall, the former of whom was a member of the Oxford Brotherhood, and the latter a friend of Brown and Rossetti.

* Henry II of England ends a war against Philip II of France & Richard I of England by agreeing to their terms: he pays Philip 20, 000 marks and recognizes Richard as the heir to the English throne.

* Philip II of Taranto & Achaea hand over the rule of Achaea ( now southern Greece ) to his cousin Joan I of Naples.

He is currently the Philip E. Johnson Research Professor in Culture & Science at the Southern Evangelical Seminary at Matthews, North Carolina, and a senior fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture.

A cantata for children's choir & piano, ' Arion and the Dolphin ', by the English composer Philip Godfrey, was first performed in 2003.

In 1988, Rio Grande Industries, the company that controlled the D & RGW under the direction of Philip Anschutz, purchased the Southern Pacific Railroad.

This is the beginning of the tale of hope .< ref > Magaletta, Philip R., & Oliver, J. M ( April 1999 ).

* Allen, Philip M. & Maureen Covell ( 2005 ).

* Aviezer Golan, Ninio Marcelle, Victor Levy, Robert Dassa and Philip Natanson ( As told to Aviezer Golan ) ( Translated from Hebrew by Petretz Kidron ) ( Fwd by Golda Meir ): Operation Susannah, Harper & Row, NYC, 1978 ISBN 978-0-06-011555-5

* Reg Groves & Philip Lindsay ( 1950 )-The Peasants Revolt 1381 ( Greenwood Press )

* Philip Willan, The Last Supper: the Mafia, the Masons and the Killing of Roberto Calvi, Constable & Robinson, 2007 ( ISBN 978-1-84529-296-6 )

* Arthur Eddie & Sue, Saunders Philip & Heather.

* Philip Zelikow and Condoleezza Rice, Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft ( Harvard University Press, 1995 & 1997 ).