Alexis Carrel ( June 28, 1873 – November 5, 1944 ) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.

While there he collaborated with American physician Charles Claude Guthrie in work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs as well as the head, and Carrel was awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for these efforts.

Category: Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

* Nobel Lectures, the Physiology or Medicine 1942 – 1962, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964

Category: Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

* 2003 – Bernard Katz, German biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1911 )

Gerty Cori and Carl Cori jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine | Nobel Prize in 1947 for their discovery of the Cori cycle at RPMI.

1943 ), biochemist and Nobel laureate ( Physiology or Medicine, 1986 )

Dartmouth has also graduated three Nobel Prize winners: Owen Chamberlain ( Physics, 1959 ), K. Barry Sharpless ( Chemistry, 2001 ), and George Davis Snell ( Physiology or Medicine, 1980 ).

The Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948 " for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods.

First synthesized in 1874 by Othmar Zeidler, DDT's insecticidal properties were not discovered until 1939 by the Swiss scientist Paul Hermann Müller, who was awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his efforts.

* 1988 – Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch ornithologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1907 )

Although many naturalists have studied aspects of animal behaviour throughout history, the modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, joint winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

* Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1901-1921, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1967

He, Watson, and Maurice Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine " for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material ".

For this and subsequent work they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 with Maurice Wilkins.

Whipple shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and William Parry Murphy " for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anemia.

In presenting the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934, Professor I. Holmgren of the Nobel committee observed that " Of the three prize winners, it was Whipple who first occupied himself with the investigations for which the prize is now awarded.

Category: Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

Galen's System of Physiology and Medicine, Basel 1968 ( this text is not regarded highly by most Galen scholars )

* Corneille Jean François Heymans, physiologist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( 1892 – 1968 )

In 1968, Khorana, Holley and Nirenberg received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work.

For this discovery, they won the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

* In 2005, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren of Australia were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of Helicobacter pylori ( 1982 / 1983 ) and its role in peptic ulcer disease.

* 1979 – Werner Forssmann, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1904 )

Sir John Carew Eccles, AC FRS FRACP FRSNZ FAAS ( 27 January 1903 – 2 May 1997 ) was an Australian neurophysiologist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse.

* 1983 – Albert Claude, Belgian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1899 )

* 1997 – Alfred Hershey, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1908 )

* 2002 – César Milstein, Argentine scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1927 )

* 1930 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1858 )

* 1944 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1873 )

* 1975 – Edward Lawrie Tatum, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1909 )

* 1903 – Konrad Lorenz, Austrian zoologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( d. 1989 )

* 1929 – Eric R. Kandel, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

* 1893 – Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( d. 1986 )

* 1948 – Swiss chemist Paul Müller is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT.

* 1895 – Gerhard Domagk, German bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( declined ) ( d. 1964 )

* 1984 – Carl Ferdinand Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1896 )

* 1933 – Peter Mansfield, British physicist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate

* 1987 – William Parry Murphy, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1892 )

* 1916 – Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( d. 2009 )

Thomas Hunt Morgan ( September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945 ) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and embryologist and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries relating the role the chromosome plays in heredity.

* April 24 – Gerhard Domagk, German bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( declined ) ( b. 1895 )

* Physiology or Medicine – Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen