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Polish and parliamentary
By the late 1980s Solidarity, a Polish reform movement, became crucial in causing a peaceful transition from a communist state to the capitalist system and parliamentary democracy.
The constitution's acceptance, and the possible long-term consequences it may have had, is arguably the reason for which the powers of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Prussia then decided to partition the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ; thus putting an end to over 300 years of Polish parliamentary continuity.
After the First World War and re-establishment of Polish independence, the convocation of parliament, under the democratic electoral law of 1918, became an enduring symbol of the new state's wish to demonstrate and establish continuity with the 300 year Polish parliamentary traditions established before the time of the partitions.
The legal content of the March Constitution allowed for Sejm supremacy in the system of state institutions at the expense of the executive powers, thus creating a parliamentary republic out of the Polish state.
* September 19 Polish parliamentary election, 1993: A coalition of the Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party led by Waldemar Pawlak comes into power.
In 2011 national parliamentary election Polish People's Party received 8. 36 % votes which gave them 28 seats in the Sejm and 2 mandates in the Senate.
In May 2004, the UP signed an alliance with SDPL, in which both parties agreed to jointly contest the following parliamentary elections under the SDPL banner, and to support Marek Borowski in his fight for the Polish presidency in 2005.
Although it attracted considerable media attention and support from many Polish intellectuals, it received only 2. 5 % of the vote ( and no seats in parliament ) in the Polish parliamentary election in October 2005.
It gained 3 parliamentary seats in the lower chamber of Polish Diet.
Stalin then directed that Mikołajczyk's Polish People's Party ( PSL ) must accept just one fourth of parliamentary mandated seats, or else repressions and political isolation would ensue.
However, Bismarck, a devout pietistic Protestant, distrusted parliamentary democracy in general and opposition parties in particular, especially when the Centre Party showed signs of gaining support among dissident elements such as the Polish Catholics in Silesia.
* Fourth Polish Republic, a campaign slogan used in the 2005 parliamentary elections
Polish prosecutors subsequently decided that there was insufficient evidence to charge Oleksy, and a parliamentary commission decided in November 1996 that the Polish intelligence services may have violated rules of procedure in gathering evidence in the Oleksy case.
This continues the trend that in every free parliamentary election the Polish electorate has voted against the current government, turning to the left in 1993 and 2001, and to the right in 1997 and 2005.
In fact, a special parliamentary delegation consisting of six members of the Sejm held a vote on whether to accept the Soviets ' far-reaching concessions, which would leave Minsk on the Polish side of the border.
Members of Parliament ( Sejm ) elected from Jelenia Gora-Legnica constituency in Polish parliamentary election, 2005 included: Ślusarczyk Piotr, LPR, Witek Elżbieta, PiS, Lipiński Adam, PiS, Zubowski Jan, PiS, Madziarczyk Tadeusz, PiS, Schetyna Grzegorz, PO, Sawicka Beata, PO, Cybulski Piotr, PO, Szmajdziński Jerzy, SLD, Litwin Czesław, Samoobrona RP, Costa Hubert, Samoobrona RP, and Zbrzyzny Ryszard, SLD.
* 1545: Oratio Philatelis Peripatetici in senatulo hominum scholasticorum de decreto conventus, quo pagi civibus adimi permittuntur, habita ... ( The Discourse Of A Truthful Peripatethic spoken among the learned men about the parliamentary decree, which allows country estates to be taken away from townfolk, Polish title Mowa Prawdomówcy Perypatetyka o postanowieniu sejmu zezwalającym na odbieranie mieszczanom wiejskich posiadłości, wypowiedziana w kole ludzi uczonych )
Palikot's Movement won 10 % of the national vote at the Polish parliamentary election, 2011.
Currently the only significant party that declares itself a successor to the ND is the League of Polish Families ( Liga Polskich Rodzin ), founded in 2001 by Roman Giertych, grandson of Jędrzej Giertych, pre-war ND politician ; it received 8 % of the parliamentary vote in 2001, rising to 16 % in 2004, then failing to receive the necessary 5 % of the vote in 2007 and losing all of its parliamentary seats.

Polish and election
During the 1573 Polish election, Albert Frederick attempted to gain acceptance to the Polish senate but was opposed by the powerful Jan Zamoyski ( later Grand Hetman of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ) who feared the influence of Protestants in the Polish legislative body.
The homage was renewed in 1633 after the election of a new Polish king, Władysław IV Waza.
In subsequent elections ( 1991 ), Leszek Miller was a leader on the election list of the Social Democracy of the Polish Republic in Łódź and, following a considerable success in elections, he won a seat in the Sejm, becoming Chairman of the Parliamentary Group of the Social Democracy of the Polish Republic.
Historical examples of elective monarchy include the Holy Roman Emperors ( chosen by prince-electors but often coming from the same dynasty ) and the free election of kings of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Prior to the election of the Polish cardinal Karol Wojtyla as Pope John Paul II in 1978, the last non-Italian was Pope Adrian VI of the Netherlands, elected in 1522.
SLD formed a coalition with Labour Union before the 2001 Polish election and won it overwhelmingly at last by capturing about 5. 3 million votes, 42 % of the whole and won 200 of 460 seats in the Sejm and 75 of 100 in the Senate.
On 20 February 1922 after the highly contested election in Central Lithuania, the entire area was annexed by Poland, with the city becoming the capital of the Wilno Voivodship ( Wilno being the name of Vilnius in Polish ).
In August, Polish nobles gathered for the election sejm.
* October 5 The election of Augustus III to succeed his father as King of Poland sparks the War of the Polish Succession.
The party ran in the 2004 European Parliament election as part of the European People's Party ( EPP ) and received 6 % of the vote, giving it 4 of 54 Polish seats in the European Parliament.
In order to be registered as a candidate in the presidential election, one must be a Polish citizen, be at least 35 years old on the day of the first round of the election and collect at least 100, 000 signatures of voters.
The election was held in the shadow of conflict between the Polish nobility ( szlachta ), with the two opposing sides gathered around Chancellor Jan Zamoyski and the Zborowski family.
In the German election of 1912, the National Liberal Party of Germany received 53 % of all votes, whilst Polish candidates won 21 % of votes.
In 1573, following the death of the Polish ruler Sigismund II Augustus, Jean de Monluc was sent as the French envoy in Poland to negotiate the election of Henry of Valois, future Henry III of France, on the Polish throne, in exchange for military support against Russia, diplomatic assistance in dealing with the Ottoman Empire, and financial help.
It was at a ceremony before the Paris parlement on 13 September that the Polish delegation handed over the " certificate of election to the throne of Poland-Lithuania ".

Polish and 2005
* 2005 Zygfryd Blaut, Polish football player ( b. 1943 )
It is the only language in Poland with this status, which was granted by an act of the Polish Parliament on January 6, 2005.
* 1943 Zygfryd Blaut, Polish footballer ( d. 2005 )
* 2005 Marek Perepeczko, Polish actor ( b. 1942 )
* 1908 Józef Rotblat, Polish physicist, Nobel laureate ( d. 2005 )
A bill passed by the Polish parliament in 2005 recognizes it as the only regional language in the Republic of Poland, and provides for its use in official contexts in 10 communes where its speakers constitute at least 20 % of the population.
His translation, made independently of existing Polish translations, includes Bereshit ( Genesis, 2001 ), Shemot ( Exodus, 2003 ), Vajikra ( Leviticus, 2005 ) and Bemidbar ( Numbers, 2005 ) and Devarim ( Deuteronomium, 2006 ).
In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance who published some 1, 300 declassified documents in January 2006.
* November 4 Józef Rotblat, Polish physicist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate ( d. 2005 )
** Zygfryd Blaut, Polish footballer ( d. 2005 )
* February 24 Zdzislaw Beksinski, Polish surrealist painter ( d. 2005 )
* July 20 Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist ( d. 2005 )
On 25 October 2005 it was announced that the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Greek, Hungarian, Kazakh, Polish, Slovak, Slovene and Thai language radio services would end by March 2006 in order to finance the launch of an Arabic and Persian language TV news channel in 2007.
* Michael Alfred Peszke, The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II, foreword by Piotr S. Wandycz, Jefferson, NC, McFarland & Company, 2005, ISBN 978-0-7864-2009-4.
A manifesto entitled " Development through Democracy " issued by the party in February 2005 was signed by a broad range of Polish intellectuals and artists, including Paweł Huelle ( writer ), Marek Edelman ( physician, last surviving leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Rising ), Agnieszka Holland ( director ), Marek Kondrat ( actor ), Kazimierz Kutz ( director ), Jan Miodek ( linguist ), Daniel Olbrychski ( actor ), Jerzy Pilch ( writer ), Henryk Samsonowicz ( historian ), Jerzy Szacki ( sociologist ).
In 2005, the Lukashenko government launched a campaign against the Union of Poles in Belarus ( UPB ) which represents the Polish minority in Belarus and was the largest civil organization uncontrolled by the government at that time.
* Vive Targi Kielce ( Iskra Kielce ) men's Handball team playing in Polish Ekstraklasa Men's Handball League, few times Champions and medalist of Poland ( winner in 1993 1994 1996 1998 1999 2003 and 2009, second places in 1995 2004, third places in 1980 1997 2001 2005 ).
* BBTS Siatkarz Original Bielsko-Biała-men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League ( Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS: Seria A in 2003 / 2004, Seria B in 2004 / 2005 season ).
* Resovia Rzeszów the oldest men's football team in Poland ( 1905 or 1904 ) and men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League ( Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS: Seria B in 2003 / 2004, Seria A in 2004 / 2005 season ).
Established in 1971, the team won the Polish Championships in 2005 and has won the Polish Cup four times.

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