Sixtus continued a dispute with King Louis XI of France, who upheld the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges ( 1438 ), according to which papal decrees needed royal assent before they could be promulgated in France.

The Emperor, who spent his entire reign securing the Pragmatic Sanction, left Austria in an impoverished state, bankrupted by the recent Turkish war and the War of the Polish Succession ; the treasury contained only 100, 000 florins, which were claimed by his widow.

This opponent comprised Britain, the Dutch Republic, Austria, and Saxony, who had concluded the defensive Treaty of Warsaw in January 1745 – the Quadruple Alliance – by which all contractants committed themselves to uphold the Pragmatic Sanction and the House of Austria's claim to the Imperial crown.

The Carlists were the supporters of Carlos V, a pretender to the throne and brother of the deceased Ferdinand VII, who denied the validity of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 that abolished the semi Salic Law ( he was born before 1830 ).

This splintered the country into two factions known as the Cristinos-the supporters of the Queen regent-and the Carlists, the supporters of Carlos V, who had rejected the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 that abolished the Salic law.

Pragmatic reasons why judgments are set aside are mainly because on balance, it is seen as better to give a person who may have a good defense extra time, and avoid a potentially devastating judgment, and thereby keep a claimant out of their money for a further two to four weeks, than give the claimant the benefit.

Opponents of the Pragmatic Sanction argued that it was never officially promulgated, claiming the King's younger brother, Prince Carlos, the rightful heir to the Crown according to the Salic Law.

It has been argued that the name Pragmatic Sanction is not properly applied to this document, as it was issued by princes subordinate to the emperor without the emperor's endorsement.

The winning team, called BellKor's Pragmatic Chaos, used machine learning techniques to find that, for example, the rating system people use for older movies is very different from that used for a movie they just saw.

* The Spanish Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, issued March 29, 1830 by King Ferdinand VII of Spain, ratified a Decree of 1789 by Charles IV of Spain, which had replaced the semi-Salic system established by Philip V with the mixed succession system that had characterized historically the Castilian monarchy ( upon which the Spanish monarchy draws its traditions ), as noted by the inheritance by queens regnant Urraca of Castile, Isabella I of Castile, and Joanna I of Castile.

St. Louis IX, whom some tried to represent as a patron of the Gallican system, is still ignorant of it — for the fact is now established that the Pragmatic Sanction of 1269, long attributed to him, was a wholesale fabrication put together ( about 1445 ) in the purlieus of the Royal Chancellery of Charles VII to lend countenance to the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.

The Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 (), issued March 29, 1830 by King Ferdinand VII of Spain, ratified a Decree of 1789 by Charles IV of Spain, which had replaced the semi-Salic system established by Philip V of Spain with the mixed succession system that predated the Bourbon monarchy ( see also Carlism ).

The French ( and their allies ), hoping for détente and good relations with the Austrians, now also recognized the Pragmatic Sanction that would allow Emperor Charles's daughter Maria Theresa to succeed him.

France also promised to support Maria Theresa as heir to the Habsburg possessions under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713.

Here it formed the Pragmatic Army, some 44, 000 strong at the start of the campaign, also containing 16, 000 Hanoverians with the balance made up of Austrians, Hessians and Dutch.

He is also an active member of the Center for Pragmatic Buddhism's ( CPB ) Advisory Council.

He also acknowledged the Pragmatic Sanction.

Seckendorff's diplomatic skill also led to recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction by the courts of numerous German principalities, Denmark, and the Dutch Republic.

He is also a member of the Center for Pragmatic Buddhism's Advisory Board.

They considered the Pragmatic Sanction not only impractical but also illegal.

In July 1461, Pius II canonized Saint Catherine of Siena, and in October of the same year he gained at first what appeared to be a brilliant success by inducing the new King of France, Louis XI, to abolish the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, by which the Pope's authority in France had been grievously impaired.

But Louis XI had expected that Pius II would in return espouse the French cause in Naples, and when he found himself disappointed he virtually re-established the Pragmatic Sanction by royal ordinances.

Maria Theresa replaced Maria Josepha as heiress presumptive to the Habsburg realms the moment she was born ; Charles VI had issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 which had placed his nieces behind his own daughters in the line of succession.

In the following November the council elected the ambitious Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, as antipope under the name of Felix V. The conduct of France and Germany seemed to warrant this action, for King Charles VII of France had introduced the decrees of the Council of Basel, with slight changes, into France through the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges ( 7 July 1438 ), and the Diet of Mainz had deprived the Pope of most of his rights in the Empire ( 26 March 1439 ).

The complications involved in a female Habsburg ruler had been long foreseen, and Charles VI had persuaded most of the states of Germany to agree to the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713.

By 27 June, the French had cut the allies ' line of supply and the Pragmatic Army had suffered severely from a lack of supplies and, in a reduced state, decided to fall back on Hanau, just what the French wanted.

There, behind the Forbach stream running into the Main, Noailles had stationed the Duc of Gramont with a blocking force of some 23, 000 troops in a line that ran from Dettingen to the Spessart Heights behind the marshy stream and had lined the south bank of the Main with artillery that could fire without interference on the Pragmatic army's left flank while about 12, 000 French troops marched south on Aschaffenburg crossing the Main behind the allied army.

Had the French prevailed the Pragmatic Army would have had to surrender or starve and the King of Great Britain, George II, would have fallen prisoner to Louis XV.

Elsewhere, the Pragmatic Allies had scored considerable success in late 1744.

He had, therefore, guaranteed the Pragmatic Sanction with the deliberate intention of defending it.

* The Croatian Pragmatic Sanction was a law of Diet of Kingdom of Croatia allowing female inheritance of Throne of Croatia if Charles VI had no male heirs.

Deák took the line that while Hungary had the right to full internal independence, questions of defense and foreign affairs were " common " to both Austria and Hungary under the Pragmatic Sanction.

The Church of France had upheld and practised them at all times ; the Church Universal had believed and practised them of old, until about the tenth century ; St. Louis had supported, but not created, them by the Pragmatic Sanction ; the Council of Constance had taught them with the pope's approbation.

On paper, many heads of state and, most importantly, the rulers of the German states of the Holy Roman Empire, accepted the Pragmatic Sanction and the idea of Francis as the next Holy Roman Emperor.

His encroachments upon the rights of the English Church during the reign of King Henry III of England are well known ; similar attempts against the liberties of the national church of France were supposedly the occasion of the Pragmatic Sanction of King Louis IX of France, now generally thought to be a 14th-century forgery.

Germany remained neutral ; Charles VII of France confined himself to securing to his kingdom ( by the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, which became law on 13 July 1438 ) the benefit of a great number of the reforms decreed at Basel ; England and Italy remained faithful to Eugene IV.

The company was unpopular with the British and the Dutch ; and he was forced to dissolve the company in 1731, by means of the Treaty of Vienna, in exchange for Britain's recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction.

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Maria Theresa, however, still gained the throne of Hungary ; the Hungarian Parliament voted its own Pragmatic Sanction in 1723 in which the Kingdom of Hungary accepted female inheritance supporting her to become queen of Hungary.

The popes, especially Pius II lobbied for the repeal of the Pragmatic Sanction ; and the French crown used promises of repeal as an inducement to the papacy to embrace policies favoring its interests.

* the Croatian-Hungarian Compromise of 1868 on the relations between the Kingdom of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia and the Kingdom of Hungary, grounded on the legal traditions of both states and the Pragmatic Sanction of 1712 ;

Pragmatic practitioners blend a few strands of theory from a few schools as well as various techniques ; such practitioners are sometimes called eclectic psychotherapists and are primarily concerned with what works.

* automatic inheritance of the first-born ( primogeniture ), later extended to female heirs in the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 in favour of Archduchess Maria Theresa ;