It had required the approval of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt before the John Harvey could be loaded with 100 tons of mustard gas and despatched to the Italian warfront.

Gianfranco Fini was the leader of the party since its foundation in 1995, however he stepped down in 2008 after being elected to the nominally non-partisan post of President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies and was succeeded by Ignazio La Russa, who managed to merge the party into The People of Freedom ( PdL ).

Until 1928 it was directed by a General Manager, after this time instead by a Governor elected by an internal commission of managers, with a decree from the President of the Italian Republic for a term of 7 years.

* 1920 – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Italian Republic

Francesco Cossiga ( 1928 – 2010 ) was an Italian politician, the 43rd Prime Minister and the eighth President of the Italian Republic.

Cossiga was elected President of the Italian Senate 1983, a position he held until 1985, when he became the President of Italy.

It was not until his last two years as President that Cossiga began to express some unusual opinions regarding the Italian political system.

According to the Italian Constitution, after his resignation from the office of President, Cossiga became lifetime senator, joining his predecessors in the upper house of parliament, with whom he also shared the title of President Emeritus of the Italian Republic.

As President of the Republic, Cossiga was Head ( and also Knight Grand Cross with Grand Cordon ) of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( from 3 July 1985 to 28 April 1992 ), Military Order of Italy, Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity, Order of Merit for Labour and Order of Vittorio Veneto and Grand Cross of Merit of the Italian Red Cross.

The Constitutional Court is composed of 15 judges one of which is the President of the Italian Constitutional Court elected from the court itself.

One third of the judges are appointed by the President of the Italian Republic, one-third are elected by Parliament and one-third are elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts.

Three days later he was asked by the Italian President, Giorgio Napolitano to stay on as Prime Minister and he agreed to do so.

The President of the Italian Republic heads the armed forces as the President of the Supreme Council of Defence.

The Italian Army did not take part in combat operations of the 2003 Second Gulf War, dispatching troops only after May 1, 2003 – when major combat operations were declared over by the U. S. President George W. Bush.

* 1928 – Francesco Cossiga, Italian politician, 8th President of Italy ( d. 2010 )

By decree of the President of the Italian Republic of 2 June 2010, Kabir Bedi was officially knighted.

On January 1, 2006 he received the Grand Officer award from President of the Italian Republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi.

If the Dominican Republic achieves free, democratic government, it will be due in large part to the U.S. show of force that enabled President Balaguer to prevent a threatened restoration of Trujillo dictatorship.

, across the envelope, and now Theresa had it, all as easily as if she had been the President of the Republic or the Pope.

* 1884 – Vincent Auriol, French politician, 16th President of the French Republic ( d. 1966 )

* 1977 – Makarios III, Greek archbishop and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Cyprus ( b. 1913 )

* 1963 – President Fulbert Youlou is overthrown in the Republic of the Congo, after a three-day uprising in the capital.

* 1813 – Jules Grévy, French politician, 3rd President of the French Republic ( d. 1891 )

* 1999 – In Belgrade, Yugoslavia, tens of thousands of Serbians rally to demand the resignation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President Slobodan Milošević.

* 1963 – Xá Lợi Pagoda raids: the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces loyal to Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of President Ngo Dinh Diem, vandalizes Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead.

* 1951 – Akhmad Kadyrov, Chechen politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic ( d. 2004 )

After Amadeus abandonment in 1873, Parliament declared the Federal Republic ( including the Cuba, Puerto Ico and he Pacific Archipelagos ), the first act of President Estanbislao Figueras was to extend the Abolition Act to Puerto Rico.

* 1992 – Pascal Lissouba is inaugurated as the President of the Republic of the Congo.

* 1876 – Kim Gu, Korean politician, 6th President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea ( d. 1949 )

* 1980 – The Republic of Zimbabwe ( formerly Rhodesia ) comes into being, with Canaan Banana as the country's first President.

* 1992 – General Abdul Rashid Dostum revolts against President Mohammad Najibullah of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and allies with Ahmed Shah Massoud to capture Kabul.

* 1991 – The Republic of Georgia introduces the post of President after its declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.

* 1837 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French statesman, 4th President of the French Republic ( d. 1894 )

The President of the Republic exercises the administrative function, in collaboration with several Ministries or other authorities with ministerial rank.

The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus () is the executive branch of state power in Belarus, and it is appointed by the President of Belarus.

The President of the Republic still intended to create a Ministry in his first term.

In November 1995, the presidents of Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zaire ( currently Democratic Republic of Congo ) announced a regional initiative for a negotiated peace in Burundi facilitated by former Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere.

The oldest and largest regular military parade in Europe is held on the morning of 14 July, on the Champs-Élysées avenue in Paris in front of the President of the Republic, French officials and foreign guests.

The parade passes down the Champs-Élysées from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de la Concorde, where the President of the French Republic, his government and foreign ambassadors to France stand.

The appointment of the governor is the responsibility of the government, head of the Board of Directors, with the approval of the President of the Republic ( formally a decree of the President ).

Its President is currently Cardinal Francesco Coccopalmerio.

** Francesco Cossiga, Italian politician, 8th President ( d. 2010 )

* Francesco Cossiga, President of the Italian Republic

He was a cousin of Francesco Cossiga ( who was a leader of the Italian Christian Democrats and later became a President of the Italian Republic ), and both were relatives of Antonio Segni, another Christian Democrat leader and President of the Republic.

The town made headlines worldwide when the Vice President of the Regional Assembly of Calabria, Francesco Fortugno, was gunned down with five bullets in front of dozens of bystanders as he cast his vote at the primary elections on October 16, 2005.

After the recovery of Moro's body, the Minister of the Interior Francesco Cossiga resigned, gaining trust from the Communist party, which would later make him the first President of the Italian Republic.

Steve Pieczenik, a former member of the U. S. State Department sent by President Jimmy Carter as a " psychological expert " to integrate the Interior Minister Francesco Cossiga's " crisis committee ", was interviewed by Emmanuel Amara in his 2006 documentary Les derniers jours d ' Aldo Moro (" The Last Days of Aldo Moro "), in which he alleged that: " We had to sacrifice Aldo Moro to maintain the stability of Italy.

Following this report, which also claimed that the CIA had been involved in the assassination of the Swedish Prime minister Olof Palme, then President Francesco Cossiga requested the opening of investigations while the CIA itself officially denied these allegations.

* Francesco Cossiga, italian politician, former President of Italian Republic

In the late 1980s the Italian President Francesco Cossiga described Antonio Negri as " a psychopath " who " poisoned the minds of an entire generation of Italy's youth.

Most members of the party were former Christian Democrats ( DC ): Giuseppe Pisanu ( former member of the leftist faction of DC and Minister of Interior ), Roberto Formigoni ( President of Lombardy ), Claudio Scajola ( former Minister of the Interior and of Industry ), Enrico La Loggia, Renato Schifani, Guido Crosetto, Raffaele Fitto, Giuseppe Gargani, Alfredo Antoniozzi, Giorgio Carollo, Giuseppe Castiglione, Francesco Giro, Luigi Grillo, Maurizio Lupi, Mario Mantovani, Mario Mauro, Osvaldo Napoli, Antonio Palmieri, Angelo Sanza, Riccardo Ventre and Marcello Vernola are only some remarkable examples.

Several members were former Socialists ( PSI ), as Giulio Tremonti ( Vice President of the party and former Minister of Economy ), Franco Frattini ( Vice President of the European Commission ), Fabrizio Cicchitto ( national deputy-coordinator of the party ), Renato Brunetta, Francesco Musotto, Amalia Sartori, Paolo Guzzanti and Margherita Boniver.

Among the best-known people who have attended the University of Pisa are Italian Presidents Giovanni Gronchi and Carlo Azeglio Ciampi ; Haitian President René Préval ; Nicaraguan President Adan Cardenas ; Pope Clement XII ; Italian Prime Ministers Sidney Sonnino, Giuliano Amato and Massimo D ' Alema ; Somali Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi ; Italian political leaders Carlo Sforza, Paolo Emilio Taviani, Alessandro Natta, Enrico Letta, Marcello Pera, Fabio Mussi and Sandro Bondi ; Italian Constitutional Court Judge Sabino Cassese ; Roman Catholic Cardinals Pietro Accolti, Benedetto Accolti the Younger, Francesco Barberini, Francesco Martelli and Bandino Panciatici ; Roman Catholic Archbishop Giovanni Battista Rinuccini ; Nobel Laureate in Literature Giosuè Carducci ; Nobel Laureates in Physics Enrico Fermi and Carlo Rubbia ; anatomist Atto Tigri ; art historian and curator Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev ; author Antonio Tabucchi ; civil engineer Henry Willey Reveley ; computer scientist Roberto Di Cosmo ; diplomats Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo and Marcello Spatafora ; director and screenwriter Mario Monicelli ; economist Luigi Bodio ; egyptologist Ippolito Rosellini ; electron microscopist Clara Franzini-Armstrong ; geneticist Guido Pontecorvo ; historians Camillo Porzio and Carlo Ginzburg ; intellectual Adriano Sofri ; international civil servant Francesco Cappè ; journalists Lando Ferretti and Tiziano Terzani ; jurists Piero Calamandrei, Francesco Carrara and Antonio Cassese ; linguists Stefano Arduini and Luigi Rizzi ; manager Pier Francesco Guarguaglini ; mathematicians Bonaventura Cavalieri, Giovanni Ceva, Enrico Betti, Guido Fubini, Vito Volterra and Luigi Fantappiè ; neuroscientist Emilio Bizzi ; philosophers Giovanni Gentile and Anna Camaiti Hostert ; physicians Francesco Redi, Vincenzo Chiarugi and François Carlo Antommarchi ; physicists Adolfo Bartoli, Luigi Puccianti, Antonio Pacinotti, Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti, Franco Rasetti and Luca Gammaitoni ; playwright and librettist Giacinto Andrea Cicognini ; racing car and engine designer Carlo Chiti ; surgeon Andrea Vaccá Berlinghieri ; tenor Andrea Bocelli ; writer Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi.